What are the current programs in elementary school. What is the best elementary school curriculum? Features of the program Primary school of the XXI century

We have already decided on the choice of school. What program will the children follow? We understand together with "Oh!"
Each school has the right to create its own program, however, it should be based only on certain educational literature approved by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. All textbooks are grouped according to subject lines and are included in educational and methodological complexes (TMC).

"School of Russia"

This program is the most common and easiest, it is often compared with the Soviet school. According to the "" program, even those children who have not mastered writing and counting by the first grade can study. The main purpose of the EMC is educational, and the tasks correspond to this: the development in the student of such qualities as tolerance, kindness, responsibility. And, of course, the technique teaches the child conscious reading, counting and writing.

Many call the main disadvantage of the program its simplicity, as well as the fact that during training, students practically do not use logical thinking and imagination.

"Primary school of the XXI century"

This educational and methodological complex is much more complicated than the “School of Russia”: those children who already know how to write completely (but not necessarily write) will be able to easily learn. Here the child is a researcher, an equal participant in the educational process along with the teacher. Schoolchildren learn to look for answers to questions themselves, no rote memorization. Also, the advantages include a rather smooth period of adaptation of the child to school - the volume of the studied material increases gradually, in a playful way with the help of tasks for ingenuity and imagination.

Of the minuses - a confusing, sometimes inconsistent presentation of the material, a large number of manuals and notebooks.

"Promising Elementary School"

The main idea of the EMC is the development of the child based on the support of his individuality (age, abilities, inclinations). In the process of education, the student acts either as a student, or as a teacher, or as an organizer of the learning situation. In the classroom, children are often divided into groups, performing various tasks together. This can be attributed to the pluses - the program implies the successful education of children with different abilities and academic performance.

Of the minuses - a superficial presentation of the material, a fast pace of learning, insufficiently well-researched textbooks (there are errors, incomprehensible wording).

"Planet of Knowledge"

Innovative direction in education! Textbooks are a set of interrelated components united by common goals, objectives, approaches to the organization of educational material. The main feature of the EMC is the integrity of the program. It manifests itself in common value priorities, in the unity of didactic approaches, as well as in the structure of textbooks and workbooks for all classes and subjects. In addition, the textbooks that are included in the program have, which allows you to conduct lessons in all first grade subjects using modern technologies.

Some parents of schoolchildren consider the superficial presentation of material to be the main disadvantage, as well as the constant return to the topics covered with the addition of new knowledge.

"RHYTHM"

UMK "RITM" stands for "Development. Individuality. . Thinking". The set of textbooks combines both modern approaches to the educational process and proven methods. Judging by the reviews, the main advantage of this program is the high motivation of schoolchildren to comprehend new knowledge. In addition, a truly individual approach to each child is possible due to the fact that the tasks differ in the level of complexity and variability.

The disadvantages include the fact that tasks in textbooks are sometimes inaccurately formulated, so the teacher plays the main role here, who must study a lot of methodological recommendations for this program.

"Perspective"

The author of the program is the laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education L. G. Peterson. created on the basis of modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy and at the same time carefully keeps in touch with the best traditions of classical school education in Russia.

The advantage of teaching according to the Perspektiva UMC is that the system for constructing educational material allows each student to maintain and develop interest in discovering and learning new things. Of the minuses - a rather complicated program in mathematics, which will be easily absorbed only by those children who, even before school, have learned to count and perform simple mathematical operations.

The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov

The educational system has more than 40 years of history: at first it existed in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996 the Elkonin-Davydov system was recognized as one of the state ones. A special place is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning. The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult.

The Elkonin-Davydov training system involves the formation of elementary school a large set of skills. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task, to test their own hypotheses. In addition, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate their own actions and partners' points of view.

The main principle of this system is to teach children to acquire knowledge, to search for it on their own, and not to memorize school truths. The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov is suitable for those who want to develop in a child not so much the ability to analyze, but the ability to think unusually, deeply.

For the orientation of educational institutions and teachers in the existing variety of educational and methodological complexes, we present their brief description.

Currently in Russian Federation There are traditional and developing systems of education.
Traditional programs include:"School of Russia", "Primary School of the XXI century", "School2000", "School 2100", "Harmony", "Perspective Primary School", "Classical Primary School", "Planet of Knowledge", "Perspective". Development systems include two programs: L.V. Zankov and D.B. Elkonina - V.V. Davydov.

Below is a brief description of the above educational and methodological complexes (TMC). More detailed information on each EMC can be found on the indicated sites.

Educational and methodological complex "School of Russia"

(under the editorship of A. Pleshakov)

Publishing house "Enlightenment".
Website: http://school-russia.prosv.ru

The traditional program "School of Russia" has existed for decades. The author himself emphasizes that this set was created in Russia and for Russia. The main goal of the program is to "develop a child's interest in learning about their country and its spiritual greatness, its significance on a global scale." The traditional program allows you to carefully practice skills learning activities(reading, writing, arithmetic) that are essential for success in high school.

The educational and methodological course "Literacy and speech development" by the authors V. G. Goretsky, V. A. Kiryushkin, L. A. Vinogradskaya meets all modern requirements for teaching children in primary school.

During the period of literacy, work is being done to develop children's phonetic hearing, teaching initial reading and writing, expanding and clarifying children's ideas about the surrounding reality, enriching the dictionary and developing speech.

In addition to the "Russian alphabet", the set includes two types of copy-books: the copy-books of the authors V. G. Goretsky, N. A. Fedosova and the "Miracle-copy" of the author V. A. Ilyukhina. Their distinctive feature is that they not only form the skills of literate, calligraphic writing, but also provide an opportunity to correct handwriting at different stages of learning and in different age groups.

For the development of the cognitive abilities of each child in the course "Mathematics" the subject of tasks has been updated, a variety of geometric material has been introduced, entertaining tasks have been given that develop the logical thinking and imagination of children. Great importance is attached to comparison, comparison, opposition of interconnected concepts, tasks, clarification of similarities and differences in the facts under consideration.
The set includes textbooks and teaching aids of a new generation that meet all the requirements for a modern educational book.
Produces textbooks and teaching aids UMK "School of Russia" publishing house "Prosveshchenie".

The system of textbooks "School of Russia":
1. ABC - V. G. Goretsky, V. A. Kiryushkin, L. A. Vinogradskaya and others.
2. Russian language - V.P. Kanakina, V.G. Goretsky.
3. Russian language - L.M. Zelenina and others.
4. Literary reading - L.F. Klimanova, V.G. Goretsky, M.V. Golovanova and others.
5. English language- V.P. Kuzovlev, E.Sh. Peregudova, S.A. Pastukhova and others.
6. English (extended content of teaching a foreign language) - I.N. Vereshchagina, K.A. Bondarenko, T.A. Pritykina.
7. German- .I.L.Bim, L.I.Ryzhova, L.M.Fomicheva.
8. French - A.S. Kuligina, M.G. Kiryanov.
9. Spanish- A.A. Voinova, Yu.A. Bukharova, K.V. Moreno.
10. Mathematics - M.I.Moro, S.V. Stepanova, S.I. Volkova.
11. Informatics - A.L. Semyonov, T.A. Rudnichenko.
12. The world- A.A. Pleshakov and others.
13. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral cultures of the peoples of Russia - A.V. Kuraev, D.I. Latyshina, M.F. Murtazin and others.
14. Music - E.D. Kritskaya, G.P. Sergeeva, T.S. Shmagin.
15. Visual arts - L.A. Nemenskaya, E.I. Koroteeva, N.A. Goryaev.
16. Technology - N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova and others.
17. Physical culture - V.I. Lyakh.

Educational and methodical complex "Perspective"

(under the editorship of L.F. Klimanova)

Publishing house "Enlightenment".
Website: http://www.prosv.ru/umk/perspektiva

The educational and methodical complex "Perspektiva" has been produced since 2006. The structure of the teaching materials includes lines of textbooks in the following subjects: "Literacy", "Russian language", "Literary reading", "Mathematics", "The world around us", "Technology".

The educational and methodological complex "Perspektiva" was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical Russian school education.

EMC ensures the availability of knowledge and high-quality assimilation of program material, the comprehensive development of the personality of a younger student, taking into account his age characteristics, interests and needs. A special place in the Perspektiva UMC is given to the formation of spiritual and moral values, acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage of the world and Russia, with the traditions and customs of the peoples inhabiting the Russian Federation. The textbooks include tasks for independent, pair and group work, project activities, as well as materials that can be used in extracurricular and extracurricular activities.

The EMC uses a unified navigation system for teachers, students and parents, which helps to work with information, organize and structure educational material, plan the student's activities in the lesson, organize homework, and form the skill of independent work.

The literacy course is distinguished by a communicative-cognitive and spiritual-moral orientation. The main goal of the course is the active formation of all types of speech activity: the ability to write, read, listen and speak, the development of speech thinking in first graders, the ability to communicate and understand themselves and others. The effectiveness of the new system is ensured by educational material selected in accordance with the level of development of the child's cognitive interests, game and entertaining exercises, structural-figurative models of words that are inscribed in various communicative speech situations. In this regard, the word is presented in a different way, namely, not only as a sound-letter complex, but as a unity of meaning, meaning and its sound-letter form.

All the conditions for a differentiated approach to students with different levels of preparation for school have been created on the pages of the TMC "Teaching Literacy".
Teaching the Russian language is organically linked with literacy and has a common focus. The peculiarity of the course is a holistic view of the language, which provides the study of the language (its phonetic, lexical and grammatical aspects), speech activity and text as a speech work.

The main objective of the course "Literary Reading" is the formation of the personality of a younger student, acquaintance with the cultural and historical heritage and the formation of reading competence. To do this, the textbook uses highly artistic texts, folklore works of different peoples. The system of questions and tasks contributes to the formation of a culture of speech communication, the development of students' creative abilities, introduces them to spiritual and moral values, introduces them to ethical and aesthetic norms, develops figurative and logical thinking of students and forms in younger students an interest in a work of art as the art of the word. The headings “Independent reading”, “Family reading”, “Going to the library”, “Our theater”, “Reader-educator”, “Little and big secrets of the country of Literature”, “My favorite writers” offer various forms of work with a literary work, systematize knowledge and enrich the practical experience of the child, they present a system of working with a book both in class and in extracurricular activities.

"Teaching not only mathematics, but also mathematics" is the leading idea of the TMC line in mathematics, aimed at strengthening the general cultural sound of mathematical education and increasing its significance for the formation of a child's personality. The content of the material is focused on the formation in younger students of the ability to observe, compare, generalize, find the simplest patterns, which allows them to master heuristic methods of reasoning, their logic, develops divergence of thinking, as an essential component of mental activity, speech culture and allows them to expand their understanding of the world around them by means of mathematics. Much attention is paid to the development of numerical literacy of students, the formation of computational skills based on rational methods of action.

The textbooks have the same structure and consist of 3 sections: numbers and actions with them, geometric shapes and their properties, quantities and their measurement.

The leading idea of the course "The World Around" is the idea of the unity of the world of nature and the world of culture. The surrounding world is considered as a natural and cultural whole, man - as a part of nature, the creator of culture and its product.

The course reveals the structure of the concept of "world around" in the unity of its three components: nature, culture, man. These three components are consistently considered at different sociocultural levels of society (family, school, small homeland, native country, etc.), due to which the main pedagogical approaches to mastering the subject are determined: communicative-activity, cultural-historical, spiritually-oriented.

The main objective of the subject "Technology" is to create conditions for students to gain experience in project activities from conception to product presentation. Younger students master the techniques of working with paper, plasticine and natural materials, constructor, study the properties of various materials and the rules for working with them. This approach creates conditions for the formation of regulative universal educational actions in younger students, allows the formation of specific personal qualities (accuracy, attentiveness, willingness to help, etc.), communication skills (work in pairs, groups), the ability to work with information and learn basic computer skills.

The material in the textbooks is built in the form of a journey that introduces students to human activities in different areas: Man and Earth, Man and water, Man and air, Man and information space.

The textbook "Technology" introduced a sign system for assessing the quality and complexity of the product, which allows you to form the motivation for success and self-esteem of the student.

The composition of the UMC "Perspective" includes:
Textbooks in subjects (grades 1-4)
Workbooks
Creative notebooks
Didactic materials for the student: "Reader", "Magic power of words", "Mathematics and Informatics", "Fundamentals of life safety".
Methodological aids for teachers: lesson developments in subjects, additional teaching materials, calendar and thematic planning, technological maps.

Calendar-thematic planning and technological maps that provide the teacher with effective and high-quality teaching by moving from lesson planning to designing the study of the topic are posted on the pages of the Internet site of the UMC "Perspektiva".

Textbooks included in the UMK "Perspektiva":

1. Alphabet - L.F. Klimanov, S.G. Makeeva.
2. Russian language - L. F. Klimanova, S. G. Makeeva.
3. Literary reading - L.F. Klimanova, L.A. Vinogradskaya, V.G. Goretsky.
4. Mathematics - G.V. Dorofeev, T.N. Mirakova.
5. The world around - A.A. Pleshakov, M.Yu. Novitskaya.
6. Technology - N.I. Rogovtseva, N.V. Bogdanova, N.V. Dobromyslova

Educational and methodological complex "School 2000 ..."

Publishing house "Juventa"
Website: http://www.sch2000.ru

The didactic system of the activity method "School 2000 ..." offers a solution to urgent educational problems in the system of continuous education (DOE - school - university). It is based on a continuous course of mathematics for preschoolers, primary and secondary schools, focused on the development of thinking, the creative powers of children, their interest in mathematics, the formation of strong mathematical knowledge and skills, readiness for self-development. The program "Learn to learn" takes into account the possibility of working on this program in the conditions of various options for the educational plan of the educational institution (4 hours or 5 hours per week).

The main goal of the “School 2000…” program is the comprehensive development of the child, the formation of his abilities for self-change and self-development, a picture of the world and moral qualities that create conditions for successful entry into the culture and creative life of society, self-determination and self-realization of the individual.

The selection of content and the sequence of studying the basic mathematical concepts was carried out in the program "Learn to learn" on the basis of a systematic approach. Built by N.Ya. Vilenkin and his students, the multi-level system of initial mathematical concepts (SNMP, 1980) made it possible to establish the order of introduction of fundamental concepts in school mathematical education, ensuring successive links between them and the continuous development of all content-methodological lines of the mathematics course 0-9.

The basis for organizing the educational process in the program "Learn to learn" is the didactic system of the activity method of teaching "School 2000", which can be used at two levels: basic and technological.

The course of mathematics "Learning to learn" for elementary school can be used in conjunction with courses in other academic subjects included in the Federal lists of textbooks of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, based on the teachers' own choice. In this case, the technology of the activity method at the basic level can be used as a didactic basis that streamlines the work of teachers in the context of the variability of education.

Teaching materials for mathematics for elementary school of the program "Learning to learn" ("School 2000 ..."

1. Mathematics - L.G. Peterson

Textbooks are equipped with teaching aids, didactic materials and a computer program for monitoring progress.

additional literature
2. Peterson L.G., Kubysheva M.A., Mazurina S.E. What does it mean to learn. Teaching aid.-M.: UMC "School 2000 ...", 2006.
3. Peterson L.G. Activity method of teaching: the educational system "School 2000 ..." // Building a continuous sphere of education.- M .: APK and PPRO, UMC "School 2000 ...", 2007.

Educational and methodical complex "School 2100"

(supervisor - L.G. Peterson)

Balass Publishing House
Website: http://www.school2100.ru/

In the process of learning according to the EMC, in accordance with the activity approach, the task of forming a functionally literate personality is realized. On different subject content, the student learns to acquire new knowledge, to look for answers to his questions. All textbooks of the program are built taking into account the psychological specifics of age. A characteristic feature of this educational program is the minimax principle. He assumes that the authors of textbooks and the teacher enable the student (if he wants) to take the material to the maximum. In textbooks for this there is redundant information that allows the student to make a personal choice. At the same time, the most important facts, concepts and connections included in the minimum content (FSES and program requirements) must be learned by each student. The minimum is presented to the student at the lessons of the discovery of new knowledge, fixed and submitted for control. The maximum allows the student to satisfy their personal needs and interests.

Thus, each child has the opportunity to take as much as he can.

With the help of the technology of problematic dialogue used in the educational system "School 2100", students at each lesson learn to set a goal, draw up a plan to achieve it, search for a solution, and reflect on the results of working with a text. For the formation of communicative general educational skills, the technology of working with text is used. Thus, a teacher who works according to the textbooks of the School 2100 educational system has the opportunity to achieve new educational goals simply by conducting quality lessons using the technologies adopted in this system.

List of textbooks for teaching materials "School 2100"
1. Primer - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronina.
2. Russian language - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva, O.V. Pronina.
3. Literary reading - R.N. Buneev, E.V. Buneeva.
4. English - M.Z. Biboletova and others.
5. Mathematics - T.E. Demidova, S.A. Kozlova, A.P. Thin.
6. The world around - A.A. Vakhrushev, O.B. Bursky, A.S. Rautin.
7. Visual arts - O.A. Kurevina, E.D. Kovalevskaya.
8. Music - L.V. Shkolyar, V.O. Usacheva.
9. Technology - O.A. Kurevina, E.L. Lutzev
10. Physical culture - B.B. Egorov, Yu.E. transplant.

Educational and methodological complex "Perspective elementary school"

(supervisor - N.A. Churakova)

Publishing house "Akademkniga/textbook"
Website: http://www.akademkniga.ru

The concept of WCU is based on the humanistic belief that all children are capable of successful learning if the necessary conditions are created for them. Taking into account the age of students makes the learning process successful. All textbooks of the set provide teachers with opportunities to implement the regional component.

When selecting educational material, developing the language of presentation of the material, developing the methodological apparatus of the set, the following components were taken into account.

The age of the student. A first grader can be either six or seven or eight years old. And this is not a problem of lowering the age of a first-grader, but the problem of the simultaneous presence of children of different ages in the lesson, which required a combination of play and learning activities throughout the first year of study.

Different levels of student development. The student who did not attend kindergarten, often comes to school with unformed sensory standards. This required solving the problem of forming sensory standards during the adaptation period of training.

Topographic affiliation of the student. The selection of material takes into account the experience of a student living in both urban and rural areas.

Different class content. The detailed wording of tasks, together with indications of the organizational forms of their implementation (in a group, in pairs), allows schoolchildren to study independently for a sufficiently long time, which is important for a small and small school. A similar structure of textbooks within each subject area and a common external intrigue for all textbooks of the set help students of different age groups located in the same room to be in a single educational space.

Different levels of Russian language proficiency. When developing the “Promising Primary School” teaching materials, it was taken into account that not all students have Russian as their native language and that today's student has a large number of speech therapy problems. The search for a solution to this set of problems required a revision of some important theoretical positions of the Russian language, the development of special lines of orthoepic work and work with a reverse dictionary.

As a result of mastering the subject content included in the set, each student gets the opportunity to acquire general educational skills and abilities. Master those methods of activity that meet the requirements of the state educational standard. These are, first of all, the initial skills of searching for the necessary information in dictionaries, reference books, and the library catalog. , reverse, explanatory, phraseological, etymological and encyclopedic dictionaries.

The placement of the methodological apparatus for organizing the activities of children in the classroom in the body of each textbook allows the set to fulfill such a requirement of the Federal State Educational Standard as the formation of educational cooperation activities - the ability to negotiate, distribute work, evaluate your contribution to the overall result of educational activities.

one system symbols in all textbooks is designed for the organization of individual, pair, group and collective work.

List of textbooks of the TMC "Promising Primary School"

1. Alphabet - N.G. Agarkova, Yu.A. Agarkov
2. Russian language - Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A., Malakhovskaya O.V., Erysheva E.R.
3. Literary reading - Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V.
4. Mathematics - A.L. Chekin, O.A. Zakharova, E.P. Yudin.
5. The world around - O.N. Fedotova, G.V. Trafimova, S.A. Trafimov, L.A. Tsareva, L.G. Kudrova.
6. Informatics - E.N. Benenson, A.G. Pautova.
7. Technology - T.M. Ragozina, A.A. Grinev.

additional literature
1) Churakova R.G. Technology and aspect analysis of the modern lesson
Churakova N.A., Malakhovskaya O.V. Museum in your class.

Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking" (RITM)

(EMC "Classical Primary School")

Publishing house "Drofa"
Website: http://www.drofa.ru

Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking” (RITM) was created on the basis of the “Classical Primary School” teaching materials, the main feature of which is a combination of modern approaches to solving methodological problems and proven didactics principles, which allows students to achieve consistently high educational results.

Educational-methodical complex “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking” (RITM) was revised in accordance with the Federal State Standard and supplemented with new textbooks (foreign language, the world around us, physical education). The composition of the teaching materials includes programs, teaching aids, workbooks. Educational lines in the main subjects are provided with didactic materials, tests and sets of visual aids. All components of the teaching materials are integrated into a single methodological system, they have a modern layout, a voluminous methodological apparatus, and professionally executed illustrations.

In the subject line on the Russian language and literary reading, the native language is considered not only as an object of study, but also as a means of teaching children other disciplines, which contributes to the formation of meta-subject skills. The texts and exercises contained in the textbooks expand knowledge about the native country, its nature, contribute to the education of patriotism, the development of norms and rules of behavior, traditional moral values, tolerance, and hence the formation of the necessary personal qualities, which is the most important result of education.

In the course of studying the course of mathematics, textbooks are included in active independent and group activities, the most important result of which is the development of flexibility, criticality and variability of their thinking. The methodological apparatus of the subject line is aimed at developing logical skills: understanding the educational task, independent planning of one's actions to solve it, choosing the best ways for this.

The methodology underlying the subject lines in a foreign language is designed to form elementary foreign language communicative competence in younger students. The principle of the dialogue of cultures, implemented in the course of the English language, allows the child to smoothly enter the foreign language communicative space. The German language course is aimed at the interconnected formation of all types of communication skills - listening, speaking, reading and writing. Course content foreign language contributes to the formation in the child of a sense of belonging to a certain linguistic and cultural community - Russian civil identity.

In the subject line around the world, the integration of natural-science and social-humanitarian knowledge is carried out, which lays the foundations for the formation of a holistic picture of the world, solves the problems of forming ecological thinking, a culture of a healthy and safe lifestyle, a system of national values, ideals of mutual respect, patriotism, based on ethnocultural diversity and general cultural unity of Russian society.

The subject line in fine arts is focused on the aesthetic development of the individual on the basis of mastering the best examples of the artistic heritage of the peoples of Russia and the world. It is built on the principles of a system-activity approach to learning and reflects the communicative and moral essence of art education.

The aesthetic and spiritual and moral development of students when using the subject line in music is carried out through familiarization with musical culture as the most important component of a harmoniously developed personality. The music course is built on a broad integrative basis with subjects of the humanitarian and aesthetic cycle. It is based on the principle of forming universal educational actions - personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative.

The subject line on technology and physical culture contains extraordinary methodological methods for the formation of the necessary subject and meta-subject skills, as well as personality traits of a primary school graduate. The lines are practice-oriented and provide ample opportunities for organizing educational and extracurricular activities of younger students.

UMC “Development. Individuality. Creativity, Thinking” (RITM) is aimed at achieving the results of education defined by the Federal State Standard and the implementation of the “Concept of Spiritual and Moral Development and Education of a Russian Citizen”.

Textbooks that are part of the EMC "Classical Primary School":
1. Alphabet - O.V. Jezhel.
2. Russian language - T.G. Ramzaev.
3. Literary reading. - O.V. Dzhezheley.
4. English language - V.V. Buzhinsky, S.V. Pavlova, R.A. Starikov.
5. German language - N.D. Galsakova, N.I. Gez.
6. Mathematics - E.I. Aleksandrova.
7. The world around - E.V. Saplin, A.I. Saplin, V.I. Sivoglazov.
8. Visual arts - V.S. Kuzin, E.I. Kubyshkin.
9. Technology.- N.A. Malysheva, O.N. Maslenikov.
10. Music - V.V. Aleev, T.N. Kichak.
11. Physical culture - G.I. Pogadaev.

Educational and methodological complex "Primary school of the XXI century"

(supervisor - N.F. Vinogradova)

Publishing house "Ventana - Graf"
Website: http://www.vgf.ru

The set is based on the theory of A.N. Leontiev, D.B. Elkonin and V.V. Davydov. common goal learning - the formation of the leading activity for this age. The goal of elementary school teachers is not just to teach the student, but to teach him to teach himself, i.e. educational activities; The aim of the student is to acquire the ability to learn. Educational subjects and their content act as a means to achieve this goal.

The forms, means and methods of teaching are aimed at forming the prerequisites for the younger student (in the 1st half of the first grade), and then the skills of educational activity. In the course of primary education, a junior schoolchild develops the skills of learning activities that allow him to successfully adapt in the main school and continue subject education according to any educational and methodological set.

The leading characteristics of a primary school graduate are his ability to think independently, analyze any issue; the ability to build statements, put forward hypotheses, defend the chosen point of view; the presence of ideas about one's own knowledge and ignorance on the issue under discussion. Hence, there are two methodological features of the CCM. So, working with the educational and methodological kit "Primary School 21st century", the student masters a fundamentally different role -" researcher ". This position determines his interest in the process of cognition. As well as increasing attention to the creative activity of students, based on the initiative and independence of each student.

List of textbooks of the teaching materials "Primary school of the XXI century"

1. Primer - L.E. Zhurova.
2. Russian language - S.V. Ivanov, A.O. Evdokimova, M.I. Kuznetsova.
3. Literary reading - L.A. Efrosinina.
4. English language - UMK "FORWARD", M.V. Verbitskaya, O.V. Oralova, B.Ebbs, E.Worell, E.Ward.
5. Mathematics - E.E. Kochurina, V.N. Rudnitskaya, O.A. Rydze.
6. The world around - N.F. Vinogradov.
7. Music - O.V. Usacheva, L.V. Schoolboy.
8. Visual arts - L.G. Savenkova, E.A. Ermolinskaya
9. Technology - E.A. Lutsev.
10. Fundamentals of the spiritual and moral culture of the peoples of Russia (Grade 4) - N.F. Vinogradova, V.I. Vlasenko, A.V. Polyakov.

The content of the educational subjects of the EMC is focused on stimulating and supporting the emotional, spiritual, moral and intellectual development and self-development of the child; to create conditions for the manifestation of independence, initiative, creative abilities of the child in various activities. At the same time, the importance of children's assimilation of knowledge and mastery of skills and abilities as a means of development remains, but they are not considered as an end in itself of primary education.

In the subjects of the EMC, the humanitarian orientation and its influence on the emotional and social and personal development of the child are strengthened. The WCU presents content that helps the child to maintain and recreate the integrity of the picture of the world, provides him with an awareness of the various connections between objects and phenomena and, at the same time, forms the ability to see the same object from different angles. The main feature of this set is its integrity: the unity of the structure of textbooks and workbooks for all classes and subjects; the unity of the through lines of standard tasks, the unity of approaches to the organization of educational activities.

They publish textbooks and teaching aids for the "Planet of Knowledge" teaching materials of the "Astrel" and "AST" publishing houses.
The UMC includes:

1. Primer - author T.M. Andrianova.
2. Russian language - author T.M. Andrianova, V.A. Ilyukhin.
3. Literary reading - E.E. Katz
4. English language - N.Yu. Goryacheva, S.V. Larkina, E.V. Nasonovskaya.
5. Mathematics - M.I. Bashmakov, M.G. Nefedova.
6. The world around - G.G. Ivchenkova, I.V. Potapova, A.I. Saplin, E.V. Saplin.
7. Music - T.I. Balanova.

Educational and methodical set "Harmony"

(supervisor - N.B. Istomina)

Publishing house "Association of the XXI century".
Website: http://umk-garmoniya.ru/

The educational-methodical set "Harmony" implements: ways of organizing the educational activities of students related to the formulation of a learning task, its solution, self-control and self-assessment; ways of organizing productive communication, which is a necessary condition for the formation of educational activities; ways of forming concepts that provide awareness of cause-and-effect relationships, patterns and dependencies at a level accessible to primary school age.

The course is based on the methodological concept of purposeful and systematic work on the formation of mental activity techniques in younger students: analysis and synthesis, comparison, classification, analogy and generalization in the process of mastering the mathematical content provided by the program.

Primer "My first textbook", designed for the course "Literacy", provides not only the development of elementary reading and writing by first-graders, but also the development of their thinking, cognitive interests, sense of language, the formation of phonetic hearing, spelling vigilance, speech and reading skills, introduction into the world of children's books, as well as the accumulation of experience in working with an educational book.

The primer involves the active promotion of both children who are just starting to learn to read, and those who are already at different stages of mastering the reading technique.

In general, this primer creates the conditions for the successful continuation of learning to read and the Russian language within the framework of individual subjects.
The Russian language course, presented in the textbooks "To the Secrets of Our Language", ensures the formation of language and speech skills in younger students, their functional literacy simultaneously with the formation of the whole complex of universal educational activities.

This is facilitated by the implementation of an activity approach to the organization of learning, in which the development of language and speech concepts, rules, work on skills goes from motivation and setting a learning task - to its solution and through understanding the necessary mode of action - to the use of acquired knowledge, to the ability to control the implementation actions and their results.

Language learning has a communicative orientation, as it is subordinated to the development of students' speech, the improvement of all forms of their speech activity.

Formation of literacy schoolchildren is carried out on the basis of the purposeful development of their spelling vigilance and spelling self-control.

Course "Literary Reading" involves the formation of the reader's competence of a younger student, which is determined by the possession of reading technique and methods of mastering a literary work, the ability to navigate in books and the acquisition of experience in independent reading activity.

Teaching literary reading is also aimed at:
enrichment of the spiritual and moral sphere of younger schoolchildren, the formation of ideas about good and evil, justice and honesty, respect for the culture of the peoples of multinational Russia;
mastering universal educational activities
improvement of all types of speech activity, the ability to build a monologue and conduct a dialogue;
development of creative abilities;
education of an aesthetic attitude to the art of the word, interest in reading and books, the need to communicate with the world of fiction;
broadening the reader's horizons.

Mathematics course, presented in the textbook, in the process of assimilation of the program material purposefully forms all types of universal learning activities (UUD) for students. This is facilitated by: the logic of constructing the content of the course, a variety of methodological methods for organizing the educational activities of younger students, a system of educational tasks aimed at fulfillment by students various kinds actions.

In the process of studying the course, children master: mathematical knowledge, skills and abilities provided for by the course program, and learn how to use them to describe the surrounding objects, processes, phenomena, assess quantitative and spatial relationships; master the skills: to build reasoning; to argue and correct statements to distinguish between reasonable and unreasonable judgments; identify patterns; establish causal relationships; to analyze various mathematical objects, highlighting their essential and non-essential features, which will ensure their successful continuation of mathematical education in basic school.

Features of the content of the course "The world around" are: the integrative nature of the presentation of natural science, social science and historical knowledge; purposeful formation of UUD in the development of subject knowledge and skills.

The study of the surrounding world is aimed at:
formation of a holistic picture of the world of the natural and socio-cultural world, environmental and cultural literacy, moral, ethical and safe norms of interaction with nature and people among younger schoolchildren;
mastering a complex of subject knowledge, skills and universal educational activities for the successful continuation of education in the main school;
development of skills to observe, analyze, generalize, characterize objects of the surrounding world, reason, solve creative problems;
upbringing of a citizen who loves his Fatherland, who is aware of his belonging to it, who respects the way of life, customs and traditions of the inhabiting peoples, who strive to participate in environmental and creative activities.

The main course presented in the textbooks "Technology", is an objective transforming activity that allows you to integrate the conceptual (speculative), visual-figurative, visual-effective components of cognitive activity.

The main features of the course "Fine Arts":
acquaintance of schoolchildren with the figurative language of fine arts as the basis for the emotional and ethical development of the surrounding world;
communicative orientation of training, which ensures the education of the basic visual culture of the individual and the primary development of visual means of visual communication;
activity approach to the study and further practical development of fine, design and decorative art activities;
problem-based learning, when the teacher, without suggesting a final answer, poses questions that help students themselves come to the right solution;
the formation of methods of cognitive activity and the development of interest in the field of artistic development of the world, the enrichment of the sensory and practical creative experience of the child.

Music course, presented in the textbooks "To the heights of musical art", has the following features:
development of musical thinking of schoolchildren through the development of various genres of music;
selection of musical material with a focus on the masterpieces of world musical art, which helps the child to form a holistic view of musical culture according to its reference samples;
formation along with the song type of musical thinking at the symphonic level;
the methodological principle of “recreating” the masterpieces of the world musical art, which consists in the fact that the holistic perception of a work is preceded by the stage of “creation” by a child through the passage of the main stages of the composer’s path;
the creation by schoolchildren of the independence of music as an art form capable of conveying the feelings and thoughts of people by its own means as a result of acquaintance with the musical images of various genres of music and the disclosure of the many-sided connections between music and life.

The purpose of the textbooks "Physical culture" is the formation of the basics of a healthy lifestyle among students, the ability to communicate and interact with peers, plan their own activities, distribute the load and rest in the process of its implementation, analyze and objectively evaluate the results of their own work, evaluate the beauty of the physique and posture, technically correctly perform motor actions.

The publishing house "Association of the 21st Century" publishes textbooks and teaching aids for UMK "Harmony".
To communicate with colleagues and exchange experience in the educational system "Harmony" created a social network - www.garmoniya-club.ru

The UMC includes:
1. Primer - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko, N.M. Betenkova, O.E. Kurlygina.
2. Russian language - author M.S. Soloveichik, N.S. Kuzmenko.
3. Literary reading - author O.V. Kubasov.
4. Mathematics - author N.B. Istomin.
5. The world around - author O.V. Poglazova, N.I. Vorozheikin, V.D. Shilin.
6. Technology - author N.M.Konysheva.
7. Visual arts - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: T.A. Koptseva, V.P. Koptsev, E.V. Koptsev.
8. Music - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: M.S.Krasilnikova, O.N.Yashmolkina, O.I.Nekhaeva.
9. Physical culture - (publishing house "Yakhont"), author: R.I.Tarnopolskaya, B.I.Mishina.

Parents very carefully choose the school for their first-grader. Not the last role in the selection list, as a rule, they assign training programs. Have you already studied the existing educational programs of elementary school?

Educational programs for elementary school

To date, there are educational programs for elementary schools of two types. These are traditional educational programs (“School of Russia”, “Classical Primary School”, “School 2100”, “Planet of Knowledge”, “Harmony”, “Primary School of the 21st Century”, “Perspective Primary School” and “Perspective”) and developing educational programs (Elkonin - Davydov and Zankov).

In one school, it is possible to use different curricula in different classes, but, no matter what curriculum is used in primary school, all students receive the knowledge that is provided for by the state standard (FSES).

Some traditional elementary school educational programs (for example, "School 2100", "Primary School of the 21st Century" or "Harmony") have recently been refined in such a way that developmental teaching methods are widely used in them, in addition, additional tasks of increased there are difficulties in any training program, and not only in developing ones, as is commonly thought.

In this regard, parents should not immediately give preference to developmental programs, categorically rejecting traditional ones, the choice must be approached responsibly, weighing all the pros and cons.

Traditional Primary School Curricula

"School of Russia"- the elementary school program, familiar to many, more than one generation studied according to it. After 2000, the content of the program was seriously changed, but the objectives of the training and its goals remained the same.
"Harmony"(under the editorship of Istomina N.B.). The name of this project speaks for itself: in this program, priorities in teaching methods and the form of organization of the learning process itself are quite harmoniously defined, and common tasks and goals are singled out for all subjects. In addition, the training system "Harmony" includes the methods of developmental education Zankova L.V. (Natalya Borisovna Istomina also worked on this system for quite a long time).
"Primary School XXI"(under the editorship of Vinogradova N.F.). In this system, special attention is paid to the problem of adaptation of younger students at the very beginning of their educational activities. This is the only educational and methodological package that includes the parallel program "Learning Activities". The 21st century school curriculum also uses developmental teaching methods.
"School 2100"(under the editorship of Leontiev A.A.). About 12 years ago, according to this system, teachers began to teach the subject "Literary Reading". Over the years, more and more teachers began to use this program in their work, it has become one of the most common. It is worth noting that this school program successfully solves the problem of the continuity of preschool education and education in primary and secondary grades. All textbooks from grades 1 to 7 are stamped by the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation.

Educational program "Primary school of the 21st century" and "School 2100"

Developing elementary school programs

Zankov's developing system has a learning principle that is directly opposite to the traditional system. Here, priority is given to the independence of students, who must themselves draw theoretical conclusions based on the tasks offered to them. The acquired knowledge is consolidated through practical exercises.

The peculiarity of this system of education in elementary school lies in the rather rapid mastering of the material, with its high level of complexity, the leading role is given to theoretical knowledge. For example, students study parts of speech already in the first grade and, thanks to an understanding of systemic relationships, successfully achieve independent comprehension of these concepts.

D.B. system Elkonin - V.V. Davydov- one of the controversial developmental systems, which focuses mainly on the development in the child of the depth and unusualness of thinking, paying special attention not so much to the acquired knowledge as to the ways in which this goal is achieved. So, for example, it is allowed that a student may not remember any previously studied material, but at the same time he must know with what help, how to fill this gap in knowledge.

This system is also distinguished by the lack of assessment of the quality of knowledge, but at the same time, the teacher compiles a portfolio of students' creative works (which should reflect their academic performance), and also, for the purpose of control, reports all the necessary wishes and recommendations to parents.

One of the features of this developing system of education is that children not only study and assimilate school truths, but at the same time they comprehend why, for example, twice two will be exactly four, in other words, knowledge of the rules is reinforced by an understanding of their causes.

The authors of the program for the Elkonin-Davydov elementary school place another emphasis on the development of communication skills in children, giving preference to teamwork. In small groups of 5-7 people, students conduct original research, then discuss their results with the teacher and come to general conclusions.

With all the advantages, a significant drawback of the described developing educational systems of Elkonin - Davydov and Zankov is the lack of their appropriate continuation in the next levels of education at school (middle and senior). Parents who have chosen one of these educational systems for their child should be prepared for the fact that after graduating from primary school, their child will still have to adapt to one of the traditional programs, which can create certain problems in learning.

It is also important to note that when choosing an elementary school, attention should be paid not only to the system of education used in it. Not the last role in choosing a school should be played by its equipment, the qualifications of teachers and directors, the degree of comfort of classes, and the quality of knowledge. In this situation, feedback from the parents of the students, which is worth listening to, can be of great benefit, because regardless of the teaching system used, a good, qualified teacher will give the child all the necessary knowledge, and at the same time, even the most “advanced” developing system will not help a mediocre teacher.

Primary School Programs

Program "School of Russia" for elementary school - one of the most famous projects of the Prosveshchenie publishing house in the country. This is a kit for elementary school, which we all studied in the Soviet era, with some changes. Since 2001, the EMC "School of Russia" has been working as a single whole. The authors of the "School of Russia" program are scientists whose names are known to everyone who works in the primary education system: V.G. Goretsky, M.I. Moro, A.A. Pleshakov, V.P. Kanakina, L.M. Zelenina, L.F. Klimanov and others.

The main purpose of elementary school, according to the authors, is educational. Hence the tasks: the development of the child's human qualities that meet the ideas of true humanity: kindness, tolerance, responsibility, the ability to empathize, readiness to help others teach the child conscious reading, writing and counting, correct speech, instill certain labor and health-saving skills, teach the basics of safe vital activity the formation of natural motivation for learning.

The elementary school program "School of Russia" is considered traditional, most children master it without any problems.

Expert opinion

“I have been working at a school with children for many years according to the traditional School of Russia program,” says the teacher primary school secondary school No. 549 in Moscow Tatyana Mikhailovna Bobko. “Our parents studied under this program, as did I, and my children. All grew up quite educated people. I think that this program is needed, it was, is and will always be. The traditional program allows you to carefully practice the skills of learning activities (reading, writing, counting) that are necessary for successful education in high school. In recent years, interesting educational kits have been published that meet modern educational requirements (mathematics - author M.I. Moro, Russian language - author T.K. Ramzaeva), which are aimed at developing the cognitive abilities of the student.

Primary school of the 21st century

Educational kit "Primary school of the XXI century"(under the editorship of N. Vinogradova) is aimed at ensuring a "soft" adaptation of children to the new conditions of school life for them. The program was developed by a team of scientists from the Institute of Content and Teaching Methods of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow State Pedagogical University, the Russian Academy for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Educational Workers, Moscow state university. Project leader - Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education, Doctor pedagogical sciences, professor Vinogradova Natalya Fedorovna. The system of teaching materials "Primary school of the XXI century" is issued by the publishing center "VENTANA-GRAF".

The main objectives of the program are: the formation of the main components of educational activity (if we discuss the position of the student, then this is the answer to the questions “why am I studying”, “what should I do to solve this educational task”, “how do I complete the educational task and how do I I do it”, “what are my successes and what I can’t do”).

The organization of the educational process is built in such a way as to provide a situation of success for each student and the opportunity to learn at an individual pace.

The basic principle of education is that the primary school should be nature-friendly, that is, meet the needs of children of this age (in cognition, communication, various productive activities), take into account typological and individual characteristics their cognitive activity and level of socialization. A schoolchild is not just a “spectator”, “listener”, but a “researcher”. Based on the principles, it can be assumed that this program will be comfortable for children who need soft adaptation to everything new for them, whether it be a team or type of activity. All courses have a long preparatory period.

Expert opinion

“I have been working on this program for the third year, I like it very much,” says Irina Vladimirovna Tyabirdina, a primary school teacher at secondary school No. 549 in Moscow. - Frankly, the material is designed for strong erudite children. With what baggage of knowledge a student will go to secondary school depends on the primary school teacher. Therefore, the main goal is to teach the child to learn. It is also important that Vinogradova’s kit implements the child’s right to their individuality: children are placed in conditions where they can independently acquire knowledge, apply it, think, fantasize, play (special notebooks “Learning to think and fantasize”, “Learning to know the world around) are provided” .

Parents' opinions about the program

“We finished studying under the Vinogradova program. At first, they waited a long time for the children to really start learning. By the second grade, they realized that she was not so easy. She also has some disadvantages: a large number of notebooks, which they do not completely have time to go through. Well, we, who studied under Soviet programs, do not like everything in the current education, so we find fault with little things.

"Promising Elementary School"

"Perspective Primary School" is the result of many years of work by a team of employees of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the agro-industrial complex and the PPRO, Moscow State University, Moscow State Pedagogical University. EMC "Perspective Primary School" publishes the publishing house "Akademkniga / Textbook".

The main idea of the EMC "Promising Primary School" is the optimal development of each child on the basis of pedagogical support for his individuality (age, abilities, interests, inclinations, development) in the conditions of specially organized educational activities, where the student acts either as a student, or as a teacher, then in the role of the organizer of the educational situation.

"Planet of Knowledge"

The first set of textbooks and programs for elementary school, which fully implemented the state standard - "Planet of Knowledge". Among the authors are 4 honored teachers of Russia.

The program is developed taking into account the psychological and age characteristics of younger students, based on the principle of variability, thanks to this, the possibility of teaching children with different levels of development is laid.

The task system of the set provides students with the right to choose, to make a mistake, to help, to succeed, thereby contributing to the creation of psychological comfort during learning.

Expert opinion

“The program is interesting,” comments the primary school teacher of secondary school No. A.S. Pushkin, Moscow Natalya Vladimirovna Chernosvitova. - A variety of texts on the Russian language and reading are perfectly selected. Apart from good lyrics on reading, interesting questions, developing tasks were compiled. The child must come up with a fairy tale, think up the text, make a drawing. Mathematics is interesting in that each task leads the student to the answer on his own. Not like in the standard program: the teacher explained - the student fulfilled. Here is a different approach. I would like to draw your attention to the fact that there is a soft transition from the Planet of Knowledge to the traditional program. For fourth grade students, we introduce tasks from the fifth grade, so, in my opinion, this program has some advantages. As for reading, everyone says in unison: "Children read well."

I note that ahead of the standard program, the "Planet of Knowledge" does not overload students. If we take everyone's favorite mathematics according to L.G. Peterson, it requires a physical and intellectual approach. To study under the "Program 2100" or "Harmony", the child must be already prepared. According to the "Planet of Knowledge" you can teach any children with kindergarten training, including at toddler age. Studying under this program, children are noticeably different from those who study under the classical one. These kids are creative. There is only one minus in this program - the teacher, who has worked for many years according to the traditional program, must be reorganized. Although special courses are held for such teachers in the Central District.

"RHYTHM"

A set of textbooks “Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking” (“RITM”) is intended for grades 1-4 of educational institutions. The authors of the textbooks are well-known scientists and methodologists who have a serious influence on the formation of modern primary education. The educational and methodical set (EMC) "RITM" is published by the publishing house "Drofa".

The main principles of the program are that every child: must be successful; is included in active educational and cognitive activity; gets the opportunity to reveal their individuality; learns to think creatively and independently, meaningfully communicate with peers and adults.

"Perspective"

The author of the program is the scientific adviser, Ph.D., director of the Center for System-Activity Pedagogy "School 2000" of the AIC and PPRO, laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education - L.G. Peterson. By the way, her personal textbooks are not included in the list of state textbooks.

The educational program "Perspective" was created on a conceptual basis that reflects modern achievements in the field of psychology and pedagogy, while maintaining a close connection with the best traditions of classical school education in Russia.

In textbooks, tasks are offered in such a form that the cognitive activity, cognitive interest and curiosity of the child develop into a need to learn new things, to learn independently. The student at each lesson, as it were, reveals the content of future topics.

Parent feedback

“The program is too simple, weak mathematics, little time is devoted to writing. At the school of the future first grader, they studied according to Peterson, the child learned more than in the entire first grade according to "Perspective". But it is perfect for children with whom they did not really study before school. All topics are long "chewed" by the teacher. Homework is easily done without the participation of parents, except for the outside world. According to him, reports or presentations are systematically set, which the child cannot do on his own, I have to do everything.

Development system L.V. Zankova

Program L.V. Zankova is aimed at developing the mind, will, feelings, spiritual needs of younger students, awakening their interest in understanding the broad picture of the world, dedication to learning, and the development of curiosity. The task of education is to give a general picture of the world on the basis of science, literature, and art.

This program is aimed at providing conditions for self-realization, for revealing the individuality of the child, his inner world. One of the most important tasks is to educate the junior schoolchild about himself as a value. Education should be focused not so much on the whole class as a whole, but on each individual student. At the same time, the goal is not to “pull up” weak students to the level of strong ones, but to reveal the individuality and optimally develop each student, regardless of whether he is considered “strong” or “weak” in the class.

A distinctive feature of the Zankov system is training at a high level of difficulty, the passage of educational material "in a spiral". When completing tasks, children learn to draw theoretical conclusions, creatively comprehend the material.

Expert opinion

“I love the L.V. system very much. Zankova, - says Nadezhda Vladimirovna Kazakova, deputy director for educational work of secondary school No. 148 in Moscow. – The children I taught under this program are now in the seventh grade. As a specialist, I see excellent results in my studies. Schoolchildren are excellent at reasoning, arguing, the development of their horizons compares favorably with their peers, they have higher working capacity.

“The program is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child, it teaches children to get information themselves, and not to receive ready-made information,” adds L.V. Zankova Tatyana Vladimirovna Korsakova, head of the Methodological Association of Teachers of Primary School No. 148 in Moscow. “By graduating from elementary school under this system, children become more liberated, they have about three times more knowledge than their peers.”

D.B. system Elkonina - V.V. Davydov

The educational system of D. B. Elkonin-V.V. Davydov has more than 40 years of history of existence: first in the form of developments and experiments, and in 1996, by the decision of the Board of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation, the educational system of Elkonin-Davydov was recognized as one of the state systems. A special place in this system is given to theoretical knowledge and the logical side of learning. The level of subjects taught is extremely difficult.

The Elkonin-Davydov education system involves the formation of a large set of skills in primary school graduates. The child must learn to look for missing information when faced with a new task, to test their own hypotheses. Moreover, the system assumes that the younger student will independently organize interaction with the teacher and other students, analyze and critically evaluate their own actions and partners' points of view.

In the Elkonin-Davydov system, however, the lack of marks can scare away. But experts assure that everything is under control: teachers communicate all the necessary recommendations and wishes to parents and collect a kind of portfolio creative works students. It also serves as a performance indicator instead of the usual diary.

All public schools in our country teach children according to educational and methodological programs that must comply with the Federal State Educational Standards - Federal State Educational Standards. However, their content, however, as well as teaching methods can differ significantly. "Littlevan" tried to figure out how the formation of certain curricula for elementary grades takes place, which of them are officially allowed for use, and how they differ from each other.

Curricula: general provisions

Many parents of future first-graders are concerned about what program their children will study, and whether they can somehow influence its choice. According to the current legislation and educational standards, each school has the right to create its own. However, it can only be based on educational literature approved by Order No. 253 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated March 31, 2014 (with subsequent amendments, the last dated April 21, 2016) “On approval of the federal list of textbooks recommended for use in the implementation of existing state accreditation educational programs of primary general, basic general, secondary general education”. The so-called "federal list" is not a disparate set of textbooks, but several completed subject lines, which, in turn, are integral part certain programs - educational and methodological complexes (EMC). Each of them has its own principles and features. The UMC is created by one team of authors with a specific supervisor.

Thus, a parent can choose a specific curriculum only indirectly - by knowing in advance which school teaches according to the textbooks of the teaching materials they like, and, if possible, by enrolling their child there (we wrote about the rules for admission to grade 1 - here and here). Some schools, where parallel classes are taught according to different teaching materials, test children to determine which program is more suitable for them.

What UMC are allowed today?

Today, the federal list lists textbooks that are included in the following educational and methodological complexes:

"School of Russia",
"RHYTHM",
"Perspective"
"Primary school of the XXI century",
"Promising Primary School"
"Planet of Knowledge"
The system of D. B. Elkonin - V. V. Davydov,
"Primary innovative school".

The list should be updated every three years or more frequently. So, since 2014, including on the basis of negative expert opinions, the textbooks that were previously distributed in many schools of teaching materials were removed from it: “School 2000”, “School 2100”, “Dialogue”, “Harmony”. And in the developing system of education of L. V. Zankov, only fine art manuals are now recommended!

However, it should be borne in mind that all books and notebooks that are no longer included in the federal list can be used for education for another 5 years after the entry into force of the relevant acts. In addition, over time, some completed subject lines of textbooks within the framework of one TMC may be excluded and replaced in the list of recommended ones with new ones (an appropriate order is issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation).

One more nuance. Primary school teachers themselves have the legal right to choose which textbooks to build on. educational process(and follow this choice for all 4 years of study). However, they do not necessarily belong to one specific UMC. The main thing, we repeat, is that all textbooks be listed in the federal list.

Peculiarities

This project of the Enlightenment publishing house is currently perhaps the most common system of textbooks in Russian schools. The CMC has existed since 2001 and since then has been updated and supplemented more than once. Its peculiarity is the focus on the formation of universal learning activities in the child. As advantages of the “School of Russia”, parents on Littleone.ru note the simplicity, consistency and “understanding” of the presentation of the material (the presence of rules, algorithms for solving problems), as well as the fact that it is most similar to what was taught in “Soviet childhood” . At the same time, the simplicity of the program, compared with other teaching materials, is also attributed to its shortcomings. Some also note with a minus sign that during training, imagination and their own logical thinking are little involved. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. , , , , , , , , , .

"RITM" stands for "Development. Individuality. Creation. Thinking”, which very clearly defines the peculiarity of this WCU. The program integrates all primary school subjects and is based on the principles of revealing the individuality of each student, instilling in him the ability to think creatively and independently. Its basis is the revised, supplemented and brought into line with the Federal State Educational Standards of the teaching materials “Classical Primary School” (previously very common, now its textbooks are excluded from the list of recommended ones). This EMC is quite rare in elementary school now, there are few reviews on it. The textbooks are published by the Drofa publishing house. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. , , , , .

Another set of textbooks published by Prosveshchenie. Since 2010, Lyudmila Georgievna Peterson, a laureate of the Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education, has been the supervisor of this teaching staff. In contrast to the “School 2000” excluded from the federal list, this EMC, with some similar principles, causes more sympathy for parents. It is based on the idea that the teacher only pushes for knowledge, the child himself must “discover” it. At the same time, some say that the program is difficult for average children and is largely designed for intuitive understanding and independent extracurricular work. Other parents, on the contrary, attribute its complexity, focus on cognitive activity to the advantages of the WCU and recommend it for children with a mathematical mindset. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. , , , , , , .

According to the methodology of this EMC, each child acts as a researcher and is an equal subject of the learning process (and not “listened-remembered-repeated”). The program involves a lot of tasks for fantasy and ingenuity. The system of textbooks is published by the publishing center "VENTANA-GRAF". It is part of the UMC "Algorithm of Success" system. Parents of children enrolled in the program note its intricacy and inconsistency in the presentation of material as disadvantages. Others attribute the long period of adaptation of the child to school, the difference from the "Soviet school", a strong philological component to the pluses and call the UMK "quite adequate and interesting." Most agree that it will be easier to study according to the program for those children who entered the 1st grade, already knowing how to read, but at the same time, not being able to write. About authors and textbooks.

Reviews of members of the forum about UMK. ,