The westernmost point of continent Eurasia. Eurasia. The main plains and lowlands of Eurasia

Traveling is one of the ways to get vivid impressions. That is why, when developing travel routes, we want to see the best of everything. So why not visit the southernmost point of continental Eurasia - Cape Piai? If you have time and desire, then it’s time to get ready for the road.

Where to look on the map

Piai is a cape located on the southern outskirts of the territory is part of Malaysia. This is Pontian District, part of Johor State. Tanjung Piai National Park is located here.

Just two kilometers from the cape is the eponymous locality. It is very small and poorly adapted to receiving tourists. Well, 30 km to the south is Singapore.

For those who are interested in where to find Cape Piai on the map, let us clarify the coordinates:

latitude: 1°15"56.30"N
longitude: 103°30"39.45"E

Disputes, disputes...

No one is surprised that any country wants to prove that the most interesting point of the continent is located on its territory. Malaysia and Singapore have not escaped this dispute. Singaporeans claim that the southernmost point of Eurasia is Stenosa Island. Formally, they are right, but this is an island, even if it is connected to the continent by bridges. And Malaysia is confident that the southern point must be found at the tip of the continent itself.

How to get to Cape Piai

Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to find an organized excursion to the southern point of Eurasia. Most often, tourists travel by train Kuala Lumpur - Singapore to the small town of Johor Bahru. You can get there by bus, it will be even faster, but the conditions are much worse. Next, to get to Cape Piai, you can rent a car or take a taxi. Supposedly there is public transport there, but traveling on a crowded bus and then walking several kilometers in the heat is still a pleasure!

By car (taxi) it takes about an hour and a half to get to the cape. For a little extra money, the taxi driver will wait for tourists as long as necessary.

What can you see

As already mentioned, Cape Piai is part of the national park. Entrance to its territory is paid, but early in the morning you can get there just like that. The road to the southernmost point lies through mangroves. It is impossible to walk directly through the marshy area, so comfortable wooden footbridges lead to the cape. There is silence, beauty, bright green trees and many beggar monkeys all around.

It is impossible to set foot on the southernmost point of Eurasia. The shore, like the mangrove forest, is marshy and dirty. To make it convenient for travelers, a stable concrete pier was built. At the very edge of the pier there is an openwork metal globe. Here you can relax on several benches and watch the ships in the roadstead. The proximity of Singapore, where there is a very large port, has an effect. There are also piers with gazebos and seafood restaurants nearby.

There is a kilometer sign on one of the piers. Some try to prove that this is the southernmost point, but this is a mistake. It's better to return to the pier with the globe.

Cape Piai has several other attractions. and a stone memorial depicting fern fronds and a map of the world.

Eurasia is the largest continent on Earth, with an area of 53.893 million km², which is 36% of the land area. Population - more than 4.947 billion (2010), which is about 3/4 of the population of the entire planet.

Origin of the name of the continent

Initially, various names were given to the largest continent in the world. Alexander Humboldt used the name "Asia" for all of Eurasia. Carl Gustav Reuschle used the term "Doppelerdtheil Asien-Europa" in his book "Handbuch der Geographie" in 1858. The term "Eurasia" was first used by geologist Eduard Suess in the 1880s.

Geographical location of the mainland

The continent is located in the Northern Hemisphere between approximately 9° W. Longitude and 169°W etc., while some of the islands of Eurasia are located in the Southern Hemisphere. Most of continental Eurasia lies in the Eastern Hemisphere, although the extreme western and eastern ends of the continent are in the Western Hemisphere.

Contains two parts of the world: Europe and Asia. The border line between Europe and Asia is most often drawn along the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Emba River, the northwestern coast of the Caspian Sea, the Kuma River, the Kuma-Manych depression, the Manych River, east coast Black Sea, southern coast of the Black Sea, Bosphorus Strait, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles Strait, Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, Strait of Gibraltar. This division has developed historically. Naturally, there is no sharp border between Europe and Asia. The continent is united by the continuity of land, the current tectonic consolidation and the unity of numerous climatic processes.

Eurasia stretches from west to east for 16 thousand km, from north to south - for 8 thousand km, with an area of ≈ 54 million km². This is more than a third of the entire land area of the planet. The area of the Eurasian islands is approaching 2.75 million km².

Extreme points of Eurasia

Mainland points

Cape Chelyuskin (Russia), 77°43′ N. w. - the northernmost continental point.
Cape Piai (Malaysia) 1°16′ N. w. - the southernmost continental point.
Cape Roca (Portugal), 9º31′ W. d. - the westernmost continental point.
Cape Dezhnev (Russia), 169°42′ W. d. - the extreme eastern continental point.

Island points

Cape Fligeli (Russia), 81°52′ N. w. - the extreme northern point of the island (However, according to the topographic map of Rudolf Island, the coast stretching in the latitudinal direction to the west of Cape Fligeli lies several hundred meters north of the cape at coordinates 81°51′28.8″ N 58°52′00″ E. d. (G) (O)).
South Island (Cocos Islands) 12°4′ S w. - the southernmost point of the island.
Rock of Monchique (Azores) 31º16′ W. d. - the westernmost point of the island.
Ratmanov Island (Russia) 169°0′ W. d. - the easternmost point of the island.

Largest peninsulas

Arabian Peninsula
Peninsula of Asia Minor
Balkan Peninsula
Apennine Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula
Scandinavian Peninsula
Taimyr Peninsula
Chukotka Peninsula
Kamchatka Peninsula
Indochina Peninsula
Hindustan Peninsula
Malacca Peninsula
Yamal Peninsula
Kola Peninsula
Peninsula Korea

Geological characteristics of the continent

Geological structure of Eurasia

The geological structure of Eurasia is qualitatively different from the structures of other continents. Eurasia is composed of several platforms and plates. The continent was formed in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras and is the youngest in geological terms. This distinguishes it from other continents, which are hills of ancient platforms formed billions of years ago.

The northern part of Eurasia is a series of plates and platforms formed during the Archean, Proterozoic and Paleozoic periods: the East European platform with the Baltic and Ukrainian shields, the Siberian platform with the Aldan shield, the West Siberian plate. The eastern part of the continent includes two platforms (Chinese-Korean and South China), some plates and areas of Mesozoic and Alpine folding. The southeastern part of the continent represents areas of Mesozoic and Cenozoic folding. The southern regions of the continent are represented by the Indian and Arabian platforms, the Iranian plate, as well as areas of Alpine and Mesozoic folding, which predominate in southern Europe. Territory Western Europe include zones of predominantly Hercynian folding and plates of Paleozoic platforms. The central regions of the continent include zones of Paleozoic folding and plates of the Paleozoic platform.

In Eurasia there are many large faults and cracks, which are found in Siberia (Western and Lake Baikal), Tibet and some other areas.

Story

The period of formation of the continent covers a huge period of time and continues today. The process of formation of the ancient platforms that make up the continent of Eurasia began in the Precambrian era. Then three ancient platforms were formed: Chinese, Siberian and East European, separated by ancient seas and oceans. At the end of the Proterozoic and in the Paleozoic, processes of closing the oceans that separated the land masses took place. At this time, the process of land growth around these and other platforms and their grouping took place, which ultimately led to the formation of the supercontinent Pangea by the beginning of the Mesozoic era.

In the Proterozoic, the process of formation of the ancient platforms of Eurasia - Siberian, Chinese and East European - took place. At the end of the era, the land area south of the Siberian Platform increased. In the Silurian, extensive mountain building occurred as a result of the connection of the European and North American platforms, forming the large North Atlantic continent. In the east, the Siberian Platform and a number of mountain systems united, forming a new continent - Angaris. At this time, the process of formation of ore deposits took place.

During the Carboniferous period, a new tectonic cycle began. Intense movements led to the formation of mountainous areas connecting Siberia and Europe. Similar mountainous regions also formed in the southern regions of modern Eurasia. Before the start of the Triassic period, all the ancient platforms were grouped and formed the continent of Pangea. This cycle was long and divided into phases. In the initial phase, mountain building took place in the southern territories of what is now Western Europe and in the regions of central Asia. During the Permian period, new major mountain-building processes took place, in parallel with the general uplift of the land. As a result, by the end of the period, the Eurasian part of Pangea was a region with major folding. At this time, the process of destruction of old mountains and the formation of thick sedimentary deposits took place. In the Triassic period, geological activity was weak, but during this period the Tethys Ocean gradually opened in the east of Pangea, which later in the Jurassic divided Pangea into two parts: Laurasia and Gondwana. In the Jurassic period, the process of orogenesis begins, the peak of which, however, occurred in the Cenozoic era.

The next stage in the formation of the continent began in the Cretaceous period, when the Atlantic Ocean began to open. The continent of Laurasia finally divided in the Cenozoic.

At the beginning of the Cenozoic era, northern Eurasia represented a huge landmass that made up ancient platforms connected by the Baikal, Hercynian and Caledonian folds. In the east and southeast, this massif is adjacent to areas of Mesozoic folding. In the west, Eurasia was already separated from North America by the narrow Atlantic Ocean. From the south, this huge massif was supported by the Tethys Ocean, which had shrunk in size. In the Cenozoic, there was a reduction in the area of the Tethys Ocean and intense mountain building in the south of the continent. By the end of the Tertiary period, the continent took on its modern shape.

Physical characteristics of the continent

Relief of Eurasia

The relief of Eurasia is extremely diverse; it contains some of the largest plains and mountain systems in the world, the East European Plain, the West Siberian Plain, and the Tibetan Plateau. Eurasia is the highest continent on Earth, its average height is about 830 meters (the average height of Antarctica is higher due to the ice sheet, but if its height is considered to be the height of the bedrock, then the continent will be the lowest). In Eurasia there are the highest mountains on Earth - the Himalayas (ind. Abode of Snows), and the Eurasian mountain systems of the Himalayas, Tibet, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Tien Shan, etc. form the largest mountain region on Earth.

The modern relief of the continent is caused by intense tectonic movements during the Neogene and Anthropocene periods. The East Asian and Alpine-Himalayan geosynclinal belts are characterized by the greatest mobility. A wide band of structures of different ages from Gissar-Alai to Chukotka is also characterized by powerful neotectonic movements. High seismicity is inherent in many areas of Middle, Central and East Asia and the Malay Archipelago. Active volcanoes in Eurasia are located in Kamchatka, the islands of East and Southeast Asia, Iceland and the Mediterranean.

The average height of the continent is 830 m, mountains and plateaus occupy about 65% of its territory.

The main mountain systems of Eurasia:

Himalayas
Alps
Hindu Kush
Karakoram
Tien Shan
Kunlun
Altai
Mountains of Southern Siberia
Mountains of North-Eastern Siberia
Western Asian highlands
Pamir-Alai
Tibetan plateau
Sayano-Tuva Plateau
Deccan plateau
Central Siberian Plateau
Carpathians
Ural Mountains

The main plains and lowlands of Eurasia

the East European Plain
West Siberian Plain
Turanian Lowland
Great Chinese Plain
Indo-Gangetic Plain

The relief of the northern and some mountainous regions of the continent was influenced by ancient glaciation. Modern glaciers remain on the Arctic islands, Iceland and in the highlands. About 11 million km² (mainly in Siberia) is occupied by permafrost.

Geographical records of the mainland

In Eurasia there is the highest mountain on Earth - Chomolungma (Everest), the largest lake - the Caspian Sea and the deepest - Baikal, the largest mountain system in area - Tibet, the largest peninsula - the Arabian, the largest geographical area- Siberia, the lowest point on land - the Dead Sea Depression. The cold pole of the northern hemisphere, Oymyakon, is also located on the continent. Eurasia also contains the largest natural region on Earth - Siberia.

Historical and geographical zoning

Eurasia is the homeland of the ancient civilizations of Sumer and China, and the place where almost all the ancient civilizations of the Earth were formed. Eurasia is conventionally divided into two parts of the world - Europe and Asia. The latter, due to its size, is divided into smaller regions - Siberia, the Far East, the Amur region, Primorye, Manchuria, China, India, Tibet, Uighuria (East Turkestan, now Xinjiang within the People's Republic of China), Central Asia, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Persia, Indochina, Arabia and some others. Other, less well-known regions of Eurasia - Tarkhtaria (Tartaria), Hyperborea today are almost forgotten and not recognized.

Climate of continent Eurasia

All climatic zones and climatic zones are represented in Eurasia. In the north, polar and subpolar climate zones predominate, then a wide strip of Eurasia is crossed by the temperate zone, followed by the subtropical zone. The tropical belt in Eurasia is interrupted, stretching across the continent from the Mediterranean and Red Seas to India. The subequatorial belt projects northward, covering India and Indochina, as well as the extreme south of China, while the equatorial belt covers mainly the islands of southeast Asia. Maritime climate zones are found predominantly in the west of the continent in Europe, as well as on the islands. Monsoon climate zones predominate in the eastern and southern regions. As you move deeper into the land, the continental climate increases, this is especially noticeable in the temperate zone when moving from west to east. The most continental climate zones are located in Eastern Siberia (see Sharply continental climate).

Nature on the continent

Natural areas

All natural zones are represented in Eurasia. This is due to the large size of the continent and its length from north to south.

The northern islands and high mountains are partially covered by glaciers. The polar desert zone extends mainly along the northern coast and a large part of the Taimyr Peninsula. Next comes a wide belt of tundra and forest-tundra, occupying the most extensive areas in Eastern Siberia (Yakutia) and the Far East.

Almost all of Siberia, a significant part of the Far East and Europe (northern and northeastern), is covered by coniferous forest - taiga. In the south of Western Siberia and on the Russian Plain (central and western parts), as well as in Scandinavia and Scotland, mixed forests are located. There are also areas of such forests in the Far East: in Manchuria, Primorye, Northern China, Korea and the Japanese Islands. Deciduous forests predominate mainly in the western part of Europe. Small areas of these forests are found in eastern Asia (China). In the southeast of Eurasia, there are tracts of moist equatorial forests.

The central and southwestern regions are occupied mainly by semi-deserts and deserts. In Hindustan and Southeast Asia there are areas of open forests and variable-humid and monsoon forests. Subtropical and tropical forests of the monsoon type also predominate in eastern China, and their temperate counterparts in Manchuria, the Amur region and Primorye. In the south of the western part of the continent (mainly the Mediterranean and on the Black Sea coast) there are zones of hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs (Mediterranean-type forests). Large areas are occupied by steppes and forest-steppes, occupying the southern part of the Russian Plain and the south of Western Siberia. Steppes and forest-steppes are also found in Transbaikalia and the Amur region; there are vast areas of them in Mongolia and northern and northeastern China and Manchuria.

Areas of high altitude zones are widespread in Eurasia.

Fauna, animal world

The large, northern part of Eurasia belongs to the Holarctic zoogeographic region; the smaller, southern one - to the Indo-Malayan and Ethiopian regions. The Indo-Malayan region includes the Hindustan and Indochina peninsulas together with the adjacent part of the mainland, the islands of Taiwan, the Philippine and Sunda, the south of Arabia, together with most of Africa, is included in the Ethiopian region. Some southeastern islands of the Malay Archipelago are classified by most zoogeographers as belonging to the Australian zoogeographic region. This division reflects the peculiarities of the development of the Eurasian fauna in the process of change natural conditions during the end of the Mesozoic and the entire Cenozoic, as well as connections with other continents. To characterize modern natural conditions, ancient extinct fauna known only in fossil form, fauna that disappeared in historical times as a result of human activity, and modern fauna are of interest.

At the end of the Mesozoic, a diverse fauna formed in Eurasia, consisting of monotremes and marsupial mammals, snakes, turtles, etc. With the advent of placental mammals, especially predators, lower mammals retreated south to Africa and Australia. They were replaced by proboscideans, camels, horses, and rhinoceroses, which inhabited most of Eurasia in the Cenozoic. The cooling of the climate at the end of the Cenozoic led to the extinction of many of them or their retreat to the south. Proboscideans, rhinoceroses, etc. in northern Eurasia are known only in fossil form, and now they live only in South and Southeast Asia. Camels and wild horses were until recently widespread in the arid interior of Eurasia.

The cooling of the climate led to the settlement of Eurasia by animals adapted to harsh climatic conditions (mammoth, aurochs, etc.). This northern fauna, the center of formation of which was located in the Bering Sea region and was common with North America, gradually pushed the thermophilic fauna to the south. Many of its representatives have become extinct, some have survived as part of the modern fauna of tundras and taiga forests. The drying up of the climate in the interior of the continent was accompanied by the spread of steppe and desert fauna, which survived mainly in the steppes and deserts of Asia, and partially became extinct in Europe.

In the eastern part of Asia, where climatic conditions did not undergo significant changes during the Cenozoic, many animals of pre-glacial times found refuge. In addition, through East Asia there was an exchange of animals between the Holarctic and Indo-Malayan regions. Within its borders, tropical forms such as the tiger, Japanese macaque, and others penetrate far to the north.

The distribution of modern wild fauna across the territory of Eurasia reflects both the history of its development, as well as the characteristics of natural conditions and the results of human activity.

On the northern islands and in the far north of the mainland, the composition of the fauna remains almost unchanged from west to east. The fauna of tundras and taiga forests has minor internal differences. The further south you go, the differences in latitude within the Holarctic become more and more significant. The fauna of the extreme south of Eurasia is already so specific and so different from the tropical fauna of Africa and even Arabia that they are classified as different zoogeographic regions.

The tundra fauna is especially uniform throughout Eurasia (as well as North America).

The most common large mammal of the tundra is the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). It is almost never found in the wild in Europe; This is the most common and valuable domestic animal in the north of Eurasia. The tundra is characterized by arctic fox, lemming and mountain hare.

Eurasian countries

The list below includes not only states located on the Eurasian mainland, but also states located on islands classified as Europe or Asia (for example, Japan).

Abkhazia
Austria
Albania
Andorra
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Belarus
Belgium
Bulgaria
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Brunei
Butane
Vatican
Great Britain
Hungary
East Timor
Vietnam
Germany
Greece
Georgia
Denmark
Egypt (partially)
Israel
India
Indonesia (partially)
Jordan
Ireland
Iceland
Spain
Italy
Yemen
Kazakhstan
Cambodia
Qatar
Kyrgyzstan
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Kuwait
Latvia
Lebanon
Lithuania
Liechtenstein
Luxembourg Malaysia
Maldives
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Myanmar
Nepal
Netherlands
Norway
Pakistan
State
Palestine
Poland
Portugal
The Republic of Korea
Republic
Kosovo
Macedonia
Russia
Romania
San Marino
Saudi Arabia
Serbia
Singapore
Syria
Slovakia
Slovenia
Tajikistan
Thailand
Turkmenistan
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
Türkiye
Uzbekistan
Ukraine
Philippines
Finland
France
Croatia
Montenegro
Czech
Switzerland
Sweden
Sri Lanka
Estonia
South Ossetia
Japan

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This article will consider the largest continent - Eurasia. It received this name due to the combination of two words - Europe and Asia, which personify two parts of the world: Europe and Asia, which are united as part of this continent; the islands also belong to Eurasia.

The area of Eurasia is 54.759 million km2, which is 36% of the total land area. The area of the Eurasian islands is 3.45 million km2. The population of Eurasia is also impressive, as it accounts for 70% of the total population on the entire planet. As of 2010, the population of the Eurasian continent was already more than 5 billion people.

Continent Eurasia is the only continent on planet Earth that is washed by 4 oceans at once. The Pacific Ocean surrounds the continent in the east, the Arctic Ocean in the north, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and the Indian Ocean in the south.

The size of Eurasia is quite impressive. The length of Eurasia when viewed from west to east is 18,000 kilometers and 8,000 kilometers when viewed from north to south.

Eurasia has all the climatic zones, natural zones and climatic zones that exist on the planet.

The extreme points of Eurasia, which are located on the mainland:

We can distinguish four extreme continental points that Eurasia has:

1) In the north of the continent, the extreme point is considered to be Cape Chelyuskin (77°43′ N), which is located on the territory of the country of Russia.

2) In the south of the mainland, the extreme point is considered to be Cape Piai (1 ° 16′ N), which is located in the country of Malaysia.

3) In the west of the mainland, the extreme point is Cape Roca (9º31′ W), which is located in the country of Portugal.

4) And finally, in the east of Eurasia, the extreme point is Cape Dezhnev (169°42′ W), which also belongs to the country of Russia.

Structure of the continent Eurasia

The structure of the Eurasian continent is different from all other continents. First of all, because the continent consists of several plates and platforms, and also because the continent in its formation is considered the youngest of all the others.

The northern part of Eurasia consists of the Siberian Platform, the East European Platform, and the West Siberian Plate. In the east, Eurasia consists of two plates: it includes the South China Plate and also includes the Sino-Korean Plate. In the west, the continent includes plates of Paleozoic platforms and Hercynian folding. The southern part of the continent consists of the Arabian and Indian platforms, the Iranian plate and part of the Alpine and Mesozoic folds. The central part of Eurasia consists of Aleozoic folding and the Paleozoic platform plate.

Platforms of Eurasia, which are located on the territory of Russia

The Eurasian continent has many large cracks and faults, which are located in Lake Baikal, Siberia, Tibet and other regions.

Relief of Eurasia

Due to its size, Eurasia as a continent has the most diverse topography on the planet. The continent itself is considered the highest continent on the planet. Above the highest point of the continent of Eurasia is only the continent of Antarctica, but it is higher only due to the thickness of the ice covering the earth. The landmass of Antarctica itself does not exceed Eurasia in height. It is in Eurasia that the largest plains in area and the highest and most extensive mountain systems are located. Also in Eurasia there are the Himalayas, which are the highest mountains on planet Earth. Accordingly, the highest mountain in the world is located on the territory of Eurasia - this is Chomolungma (Everest - height 8,848 m).

Today, the relief of Eurasia is determined by intense tectonic movements. Many regions on the Eurasian continent are characterized by high seismic activity. There are also active volcanoes in Eurasia, which include volcanoes in Iceland, Kamchatka, the Mediterranean and others.

Climate of Eurasia

Continent Eurasia is the only continent on which all climatic zones and climatic zones are present. In the north of the continent there are Arctic and subarctic zones. The climate here is very cold and harsh. To the south begins a wide strip of the temperate zone. Due to the fact that the length of the continent from west to east is very enormous, the following zones are distinguished in the temperate zone: maritime climate in the west, then temperate continental, continental and monsoon climates.

To the south of the temperate zone lies the subtropical zone, which is also divided from the west into three zones: Mediterranean climate, continental and monsoon climate. The very south of the continent is occupied by the tropical and subequatorial zones. The equatorial belt is located on the islands of Eurasia.

Inland waters on the Eurasian continent

The continent of Eurasia differs not only in the amount of water that washes it on all sides, but also in the size of its internal water resources. This continent is the richest in terms of groundwater and surface water. It is on the continent of Eurasia that the largest rivers on the planet are located, which flow into all the oceans washing the continent. Such rivers include the Yangtze, Ob, Yellow River, Mekong, and Amur. It is on the territory of Eurasia that the largest and deepest bodies of water are located. These include the largest lake in the world - the Caspian Sea, the deepest lake in the world - Baikal. Groundwater resources are distributed quite unevenly on the mainland.

As of 2018, on the territory of Eurasia there are 92 independent states that are fully functioning. The largest country in the world, Russia, is also located in Eurasia. By clicking on the link you can see the full list of countries with area and population. Accordingly, Eurasia is most rich in the nationalities of the people living on it.

Fauna and flora on the Eurasian continent

Since all natural zones are present on the Eurasian continent, the diversity of flora and fauna is simply enormous. The continent is inhabited by a variety of birds, mammals, reptiles, insects and other representatives of the animal world. The most famous representatives of the animal world in Eurasia are the brown bear, fox, wolf, hares, deer, elk, and squirrels. The list goes on and on, as a wide variety of animals can be found on the mainland. Also birds, fish, which have adapted to both low temperatures and arid climates.

Mainland Eurasia video:

Due to the size and location of the continent, the flora is also very diverse. On the mainland there are deciduous, coniferous and mixed forests. There are tundra, taiga, semi-deserts and deserts. The most famous representatives of trees are birch, oak, ash, poplar, chestnut, linden and many others. Also a variety of species of grasses and shrubs. The poorest region on the mainland in terms of flora and fauna is the far north, where only mosses and lichens can be found. But the further you go to the south, the more diverse and rich the flora and fauna on the mainland.

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And also along the straits connecting Chernoye and. The name "Europa" comes from the legend that the Phoenician king Agenor had a daughter, Europa. Almighty Zeus fell in love with her, turned into a bull and kidnapped her. He took her to the island of Crete. There Europe first set foot on the land of that part of the world that has since bear its name. Asia - designation of one of the provinces east of, this is the name of the Scythian tribes to the Caspian Sea (Asians, Asians).

The coastline is very indented and forms a large number of peninsulas and bays. The largest are and. The continent is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, Arctic and. The seas they form are deepest in the east and south of the continent. Scientists and navigators from many countries took part in the exploration of the continent. The studies of P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky and N.M. acquired particular importance. .

Eurasia- the most populated continent. More than 3/4 of all the world's inhabitants live here. The eastern and southern regions of the mainland are especially densely populated. In terms of the diversity of nationalities living on the mainland, Eurasia differs from other continents. Slavic peoples live in the north: Russians, Czechs, and others. South Asia is inhabited by numerous Indian and Chinese peoples.

Eurasia is the cradle of ancient civilizations.

Geographical position: Northern hemisphere between 0°E. d. and 180° east. etc., some of the islands lie in the Southern Hemisphere.

Area of Eurasia: about 53.4 million km2

Extreme points of Eurasia:

The northernmost point of the island is Cape Fligeli, 81°51` N. sh.;
the extreme northern continental point is Cape Chelyuskin, 77°43` N. sh.;
The easternmost point of the island is Ratmanov Island, 169°0` W. d.;
the extreme eastern continental point is Cape Dezhnev, 169°40` W. d.;
The southernmost point of the island is South Island, 12°4` S. sh.;
the southernmost continental point is Cape Piai, 1°16` N. sh.;
The westernmost point of the island is the Monchique rock, 31°16` W. d.;
The westernmost continental point is Cape Roca, 9°30` W. d.

Climatic zones of Eurasia.

It occupies almost a third of the entire landmass of the Earth. The peculiarity of the geographical location of the continent lies in the amazing combination of the climate of the far north and the very hot south. And also a disproportionate population - maximum concentration in the southeast, in, and the almost deserted far north. ( See also: And ).

Extreme continental points of Eurasia

Continental points are located on " mainland", that is, they should be distinguished from island ones. There are 4 marks in total:

Northern. Located beyond the border of the Arctic Circle, in the far north, very close to. This is Cape Chelyuskin - located on Taimyr. Its geographical latitude is 77 degrees and 43 minutes north latitude. The cape was first visited by members of the second Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition by S.I. Chelyuskin and the Cossacks Fofanov and Gorokhov in 1742. Due to the harsh conditions (in winter the temperature stays mostly above -35 degrees Celsius), there was no significant settlement of the peninsula.
South. For some, the southernmost point of Eurasia will seem like paradise, for others - a real tropical hell with high humidity and heat. There is a point on Cape Piai, which is 1 degree and 15 minutes north latitude. The cape belongs to Malaysia and is a protected area.
Western. Southern Europe, Portugal, has earned the honor of being the guardian of the westernmost marker of Eurasia - Cape Roca, which is approximately 9 degrees and 30 minutes west longitude.
Eastern. The extreme point is located... No, not in Japan, but in Russia - on Cape Dezhnev, which is at 169 degrees and 40 minutes west longitude. Despite its eastern position, it is still the northern region of Chukotka. In this place, Eurasia “approaches” very close to another huge continent -. As can be seen from these points, northern latitudes occupy a significant place in the formation of the continent’s form factor.

Extreme island points of Eurasia

The islands significantly expand the zone of Eurasia. In the north, the most extreme point is 6 km from Cape Fligeli, this is Rudolf Island. The South Marker is located on a series of islands paradise-named “Coconut Islands.” The western point is located in the Azores, this is the Monchique rock. And the eastern one is located in Russia, not far from the shores of Chukotka - Ratmanov Island.

Extreme cities of Eurasia

The southernmost city of the mainland is located in Malaysia and is called Johor Bahru. Conventionally, it can be called another southernmost city of the continent, Singapore, a city-state located on the shores of the Indian River.

The northernmost point is Khatanga, a city located on Cape Chelyuskin. The most famous northern city, which is often marked on the map, is Dikson. Khatanga is famous for its seaport and center, where businessmen and other people inspired by travel meet every year. They are organizing an expedition to the North Pole.

Lisbon is the westernmost point of the mainland, located in Portugal, near Cape Roca. Lisbon is a center of international tourism, a very picturesque and populated city.

And on Cape Dezhnev, in the very east of Eurasia, is the small northern town of Uelene. The coastal location has made the settlement a popular tourism destination: on the shore you can see whales, walruses and even polar bears. However, travelers need to be prepared for spartan conditions - there is no Internet or even hotels in the village, just a few houses.