Uzbek alphabet with translation into Russian in words. Uzbek letters. Linguistic incidents of the Uzbek Latin alphabet

In Uzbekistan, which has switched to the Latin alphabet, there is a new language debate: changes to the current alphabet are being discussed.

Experts say that the need for a new edition of the Uzbek Latin alphabet is long overdue, writes AsiaTerra. PIn their opinion, the current graphics do not meet the needs and are not very convenient to use.

The Latin alphabet will never be fully established in our state.

It should be amended and modernized. My proposals will not complicate the graphics, on the contrary, they will make it more understandable and convenient,” notes the author under the pseudonym Bektemir.uz on the website Taraqqiy.uz in the article “Lotin alifbosiga ayrim tuzatishlar kiritish khaqida” (“On making some amendments to the Latin alphabet”) .

The group proposes similar amendments professional translators on Facebook and Shakhnoza Turakhodzhaeva, an editor with 18 years of experience. She now works as editor-in-chief at a publishing house that publishes literature on technical and humanities disciplines.

Apostrophe offender

The proposed innovations include changing the graphic designation of a number of letters. Thus, experts talk about the need to find another designation for the letters O‘ (Ў in Cyrillic) and G‘ (Ғ in Cyrillic).

The problem with these letters is the inverted apostrophe, or the dangling comma, which is not present on computers

In everyday life, users on simple computers, without further ado, use the apostrophe. And this is a grammatical error, since this is not just any sign in the Uzbek Latin alphabet, but a whole separate letter for the guttural sound, which in Cyrillic is designated as “ъ”, which, however, has nothing in common with the Russian “hard sign”.

“To type an inverted apostrophe, editorial staff are forced to carry out various operations (up to 5!) with combinations of dots or use the autocorrect function for already typed text,” points out Shakhnoza Turakhodzhaeva.

In practice, one of several inverted apostrophes often falls out in those words where they come in a row, for example, in the word “to‘g‘ri” (“tғгri” in Cyrillic). This word is written either as “to‘gri” or “tog‘ri” even in well-written texts. From a typing point of view, these are the most inconvenient letters.

In addition, as Bektemir.uz notes, the use of an apostrophe visually distances the letters from each other:

ўzbek -o`zbek,

tugrisida - to`g`risida

yomgir – yomg`ir

vein – jilga

yo`l-yo`lakay – yo`l-yo`lakay

сўғд – so`g`d

Goya – g`oya

Guvur-guvur – g`uvur-g`uvur

Gurlik – g`o`rlik

dagdaga – dag`dag`a

obrў – obro`

Bektemir.uz reminds that in the old Latin script of the Uzbek language, which was in use in the thirties of the last century, the sounds “Ў” and “Ғ” were represented by the letters Öö / Ğğ. Thus, writing the above words would be much simpler:

o`zbek – özbek

to`g`risida – töğrisida

yomg`ir – yomğir

jilga – jilğa

yo`l-yo`lakay – yöl-yölakay

so`g`d – söğd

g`uvur- g`uvur – ğuvur-ğuvur

g`o`rlik – ğörlik

dag`dag`a – dağdağa

Uzbek is not English

The authors of the initiative also believe that new designations should be found for the letter combinations Sh (Ш) and Ch (Ч). “Perhaps such letter combinations are convenient for English or another language, but not for Uzbek, where there are many words with doubling, a combination of these sounds, or with their close spelling, for example: qashshoq, cho'chish, shishish, pashsha, ishchi, uchrashish,” - writes Shakhnoza Turakhodzhaeva.

It is not without reason that in informal communication on social networks or SMS, instead of these cumbersome combinations, young people use the icons “w” and “6” for “w”, “4” for “h”. In addition, when automatically transferred, the computer breaks the above letter combinations into “s-h” and “c-h”, which of course makes it difficult to read. If the appropriate transfer plugins are installed in the editorial equipment, then this is not always available to ordinary users or they simply do not know about the existence of such a plugin.

Bektemir.uz suggests replacing the letter combinations Ch and Sh with the letters Çç and Şş, which significantly improves visual perception:

achchiq – aççiq

boshchilik – boşçilik

yechish – yeçiş

yozish-chizish – yoziş-çiziş

ishchi – işçi

ishshaymoq – ishshaymoq

kavushchan – kavuşçan

masha - masha

mashshoq – maşşoq

mashhur – mashhur

mushshaymoq – muşshaymoq

pashsha – paşsha

poshsholik – poşşolik

uchish – uçiş

ushshoq – uşşoq

chumchuq – çumçuq

shoshilinch – şoşilinç

shoshish – şoşiş

qushcha – quşça

qashshoq – qaşşoq

At the same time, by entering the so-called letters “with elements”, the initial desire to make the most of the resources of the Latin (more precisely, English) computer keyboard and not to install new plug-ins is violated. However, this principle is already violated by one small inverted apostrophe, as well as by the rules of hyphenation, due to which you still have to install special plugins. So you can’t do without a special keyboard for the Uzbek Latin alphabet.

Sometimes "sex" is just "workshop"

Experts also believe “that in real speech the difference between X and Ҳ is completely intangible. Ҳ is most often found in borrowings from Arabic and, as a rule, makes even literate people think about how to write “Zulaiho” or “Zulaiho”?”

It is proposed that both sounds - the “hard” Xx and the “soft” Ҳҳ - be designated by the letter Hh and thus remove the Latin X, which almost the entire population reads as “X” thanks to English and mathematics lessons, from circulation. Again, foreign tourists may make the mistake of looking for Bukhara and not recognize the city's name in the current "Buxoro".

Experts propose to finally streamline the spelling of the long-suffering sound “C”. When adopting the Latin script, its compilers relied on the fact that

in the classical Uzbek language of the 19th century, the sound “ts” did not exist

However, in the 20th century, with the development of the language, this sound was firmly established through borrowings from the Russian language; it is especially often found in scientific and political vocabulary, for example, in the words circus, compass, calcium, zirconium, constitution, federation, aviation, etc.

Disagreements still exist about how to render the “ts” sound in numerous borrowed words. “It is accepted that the “c” at the beginning of a word is expressed through the letter “s”: collet - sanga, cerium - seriy, cap - sokol,” writes editor Shakhnoza. Let’s add the famous “sex” for “workshop”.

“However, when transmitting the sound “ts” in the middle of words such as “constitution”, “certification”, the spelling “ts” is found. In the modern Uzbek language, the use of “s” for “ts” has not justified itself,” the editor sums up.

Experts suggest using the letter “C” for the sound “c”, which for some reason has completely fallen out of the scope of the Uzbek Latin alphabet (it is found only in the combination ch, and is not used in other cases). Then the rule will become clear and understandable.

detsimetr – decimetr

dotsent – docent

kalsiy – kalciy

mototsikl – motocikl

ssenariy – scenario

farmatsevtika – farmacevtika

cement - cement

sentner – center

siklon – ciklon

silindr – cilindr

sirkul – circul

It will also be easier to write words ending in “-cia” if you just write “-cia”.

aviatsiya – aviacia

aksiya – akcia

dissertatsiya – dissertatsiya

inkubatsiya – inkubacia

infeksiya – infekcia

irrigatsiya – irrigacia

conference – conference

konsepsia – koncepcia

concert – concert

ratsiya – racia

radiatsiya – radiacia

At the same time, it is proposed to simplify the spelling of “iya” in borrowed words from “iya” to “ia”:

demokratiya – demokratia

diplomatia – diplomatia

geografia – geografia

geology – geology

And leave the spelling with “iya” for the original Uzbek words borrowed in ancient times from Arabic or Farsi: jamiyat, ziddiyat, madaniyat, muvaffaqiyat, samimiyat, soniya, tavsiya, tarbiya, faoliyat, qobiliyat, qofiya, hoshiya, hurriyat.

It is necessary to develop uniform rules for the vowels “Yo”, “Yu”, “Ya”, which soften the preceding consonant. There is no consensus on this matter even in spelling dictionaries: sentabr – sentyabr, budjet – byujet, rajissor – rejissyor.

“Based on the new rules, it is necessary to release a new spelling dictionary, which will be a single and only reference book for checking spelling,” experts say.

It is unknown whether these considerations will reach the highest decision-makers of the state

The decision to switch from the Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet in Uzbekistan was made by Islam Karimov under the influence of Turkey in the early 1990s. The new Uzbek Latin alphabet, introduced in 1993, was close to its Turkish variety. However, a year later, President Karimov fell out with Turkey because it did not want to hand over one of his enemies, oppositionist Muhammad Salih. In 1995, the Uzbek Latin alphabet was demonstratively changed, removing all the “Turkish” letters from it. As a result of this editing, it turned out to be different not only from the Latinized alphabets of other Turkic-speaking peoples (Turks, Azerbaijanis, Crimean Tatars), but also from its previous version of 1934.

The final deadline for a complete transition to the Latin alphabet, according to the law “On the introduction of the Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin script,” was set at 2005. However, as this date approached, it was postponed to 2010, and after it passed, no specific deadline was set for completing this reform.

Revival of the Turkic language!

Aziz Adilov

So borrowed words can be distorted? Will the word workshop still be written with an S?

Vovin Deggial

BRING BACK THE LETTER C!!!

Damir Na

What about without the letter "Ә" -? This letter is found in many, if not all, related languages of the Uzbek language, incl. Kyrgyz, Turkmen, Kazakh, Karakalpak, Tatar languages. If “Ә” is not introduced... well, that means Uzbek will remain unfinished and incomprehensible and also difficult to learn.
Let us remember, for example, that the number of letters in Kazakh (Cyrillic) is 42 and. In a normal language, there are always at least 40 letters and sounds, and in many languages it is 80. Alphabits should be built taking into account, or better yet, jointly and equally with other, primarily related language families.
The proposed version of the “new Uzbek” slightly improved, but did not at all remove the problem and, by and large, cannot solve it - an independent nation should have its own alphabetic writing and not borrowed and customized in this case, the primitive Latin alphabet consisting of only 22 letters when then needed in twice as many characters.

Alena Granitsa

Damn, what about surnames, and crap with the letter “C”? There may be no words with this letter in the Uzbek language, but there are surnames of people living in Uzbekistan and “literates” who write this letter however they want. I especially like mistakes in official documents; my friends once had their passports wrong twice...

Bahadir Isakov

Good news.
But in my opinion, we still need to return the letter “c” because we have a lot of borrowings using this sound, for example, constitution, appeal, certification, etc. I don’t understand why they don’t want to return it and what’s the problem here.
And vice versa, in my opinion, the letter combination “ng” should be removed because the alphabet contains both of these letters separately and I do not see any difference in the spelling of words with this letter combination. And the sound “ng” does not need to be separately introduced into the alphabet; it can be taught separately, just like the sounds “ya”, “yu”, etc.

Umidjon Almasov

> Will the word workshop still be written with an S?

Well, yes. Kolbasa sexi

Iskandar Akhmedov

Unhappy Uzbek language. Since the 30s of the 20th century, its alphabet has changed and reformed dozens of times. And not a single reform, even the transition to the Cyrillic alphabet, solves all the problems of the relationship between spelling and pronunciation. Maybe they will return to Old Uzbek based on Arabic-Persian writing? By the way, ethnic Uzbeks in Afghanistan write in Arabic..

Vovin Deggial

Damir Na, I am against the letter Ә. The Uzbek alphabet already has an ambiguity in the pair of letters H and X. 99% of Uzbeks write words with these letters incorrectly, and in my personal opinion, it is better to combine them altogether (leaving only H, which will denote both sounds).

Many people don’t even catch the difference between O and O.” Now if you also introduce Ә, it will create even more confusion. I’m against it!

Vovin Deggial

The article is inaccurate. Please let the administration fix it. The 1993 version of the alphabet did not have the letter "ŏ", but the letter "ö".

Vovin Deggial

Iskandar Akhmedov, then let’s go back to the Urkhun-Yenisei writing system.. /facepalm

Liliya Gayvoronskaya

Tsoi - Soy, compass - sirkul.. tin.

Valikhoja Sayfutdinov

Or maybe, well... Write it in hieroglyphs, it doesn’t change the Uzbek language. Language is just that: language. What does the letters (alphabet) have to do with it?

Shukhrat Baykhanbaev

The workshop will look like SEX. Sausage sexy

Botir Seytmanov

Alena Granitsa, Bahadir Isakov aitganlaringiz tugri!, Ts harfi urniga C kiritishsa maksadga muvofik boulardi, chunki tarjima kilinmaydigan suzlar bizning tilimizga Ts harfi bilan kirib kelmokda, shuningdek kozok hamda korakalpok harflarida ham huddi shundai kilingan.. baribir bizning tilimizga Ts harfi kup joilarda kerak. .

Farruh Turgunov

There is no need to touch the alphabet because:
1) sh and ch are written like this in English language, French and it seems German too
2) entering new characters will require installing a new keyboard layout on all computers. And not all computer users will be able to do this on their own. Just like that, a large number of people will not be able to write a simple letter to the government. organs
3) After the introduction of the Latin alphabet, people who had graduated from school long ago spent a long time retraining, and for some period they became functionally illiterate - they could neither write nor read.
4) An entire generation of schoolchildren has learned this version of the alphabet, now they too will all become functionally illiterate for 3-5 years.
5) Tens of millions of textbooks, books, and reference books have been printed using public money. All these books will become unnecessary - since newly trained schoolchildren will not be able to use them, they will have to be printed again.
Conclusion: translating the alphabet is a very costly, inconvenient and unjustified measure for the ENTIRE population. And even a few highly respected scientists should not decide this issue. Let economists calculate the costs, teachers say how long it will take the entire population to re-educate - and then, in a referendum, let the people decide whether it is necessary or better to do something useful.

Khurshid Inomjonov

Finally, common sense is starting to win out. I hope that we will not wait another 25 years for the introduction of an improved alphabet. It is necessary to ban the use of the Cyrillic alphabet as of January 1, 2019. As for the letter "ts", it is absent in many languages, not to mention the Turkic ones. So I don’t see any problem here.

Karen Srapionov

Not an improvement, but a change. Maybe it will get worse - no one consulted with professionals, did not ask for public opinion en masse, and yet for the second time in less than 30 years the alphabet is changing, which means all the textbooks, and teaching, and teachers also need to learn how to write together again with kids.
Last time, with the translation into Latin, we achieved that now those millions of people under 26-28 years old who go to work in the Russian Federation, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other CIS countries simply do not know how to read the Cyrillic alphabet, which means they cannot read contracts, read customs rules and passport control, because of this they suffer from fraudsters and extortions from the police, and this means tens and hundreds of millions of lost money in the country. Moreover, even correspondence is now easier for children under this age to conduct in English - they don’t even know how to write in Russian, I’m not even talking about writing correctly.
Now they will change everything again and in 15 years three generations of our citizens will no longer be able to correspond with each other in their native language and will use English (whoever can).

Victor Neizvesny

There is corruption, unemployment in the country, half the country lives below the poverty line and can barely make ends meet. We cannot calculate the cost of living and pay working pensioners both wages and pensions in full, but we can reprint several million textbooks and carry out another, unnecessary reform of the alphabet, which has never caught on, please! Of course there will be money for this!
Excuse me, but how will surnames containing letters that were decided not to be returned be written?! Will first names, surnames and patronymics be distorted again?
Let there be two parallel alphabets - Cyrillic and Latin, whoever is comfortable will write it that way!

Hakeem Batyraliev

C is needed, obviously.

Turgun Kurbanov

The stillborn project - the transition from Cyrillic to Latin, introduced with one stroke of the pen without a referendum, without discussion with the people - is destined for the same fate. The main reason for the transition is the distance between Uzbekistan and Russia, the erasure from memory of the centuries-old friendship of the peoples of Uzbekistan. and Russia, as well as turn into trash all the accumulated literature in order to fool the younger generation, and not make a breakthrough into the advanced international community. I would like to remind you that in the 70s of the last century, China, having considered that its native hieroglyph (the number of letters in which reaches more than 2 thousand) was slowing down the development of China, also wanted to switch to the Latin alphabet, but it must be given due credit, unlike Uzbek scientists. Chinese scientists categorically opposed this, justifying the emerging gap in the mentality of up to 3 generations of people, the loss of a huge base of accumulated knowledge and, importantly, the waste of astronomical funds on translation of literature, personnel training, changes in toponics in cartography, documentation, etc. Time has shown that the hieroglyph has nothing to do with development, and for this it is necessary to properly organize work. So giving a poultice to the dead, that is, adding or removing some squiggles from letters in order to activate romanization will not give anything, until it is too late you need to return to the Cyrillic alphabet.

Alexey Tsoi

In three different documents, I have a different last name three times. I cried.

Bahodir Karimov

Tin words are shop, police, and the first is not at all decent

Gulzoda Jurayeva

They would have left the Cyrillic alphabet and that’s it, Latin has a lot of rules. October-October

Rovshan Maxsudov

Vovin Deggial, I agree with you about Ә, and about problems with H and X. But I have never encountered problems with O and O` in my life, at least among native Uzbek speakers.

Ada mic

An example of the surname Tsoi, they write it however they want. Coi, Coy, tcoi tcoy tchoi. That’s right, you don’t even know. and I still don’t understand why my last name is Makhmudova, they write Mahmudova, maxmudova, or generally Makhmudova. everyone uses what they know. Latin or Cyrillic. with these transitions people will feel bad again.

Rovshan Maxsudov

This may sound rude to some, but many of our compatriots who had the letters Q, O, G` in their surname or first name had to live with a document with highly distorted information about their full name. Okay, in the documents, their names were greatly distorted orally. Qahramon - Kahraman, G`ani - Gani, Olim - Alim, Nodira - Nodira, Cho`lpon - Chulpan and so many examples can be given. And here you are raising a panic because of one letter “ts”, which will only affect the inscription (No one will call you “Soy”, instead of “Tsoi”) on the piece of paper? Are you seriously?? My personal opinion is - please don’t touch the alphabet, leave it alone, we don’t need new problems, everything is fine with us. Do you want our people to remain illiterate forever, changing their alphabet every single day?

Sher Zaparov

My opinion is that all this is populism, not to say sabotage. As soon as they switched to the Latin alphabet, the formal literacy level of the population immediately dropped to zero. Now we have two layers of the population who do not understand each other’s writing. N years will pass, and it will already be three. They forgot Russian, didn’t learn English, and now no one will know written Uzbek. This is how the Tower of Babel was not completed. “The alphabet, in force since 1995, has been criticized over the past years due to ..” reasons different from the opinion of the author of the article. “Perhaps because of these shortcomings there is a complete transition to the Latin alphabet..” that is, there are other reasons why all officialdom is still published in Cyrillic. “The main and long-awaited changes are..” and what percentage of the population has been waiting for these changes for a long time? “After discussions and disputes, it was decided not to return the letter “n̅”, denoting the sound “ng”...” But what about the sounds e e yu ya, which are present NOT ONLY in words borrowed from other languages? “The adoption of a new alphabet should help eliminate problems that have existed for more than 20 years..” and what if it doesn’t help? And at whose expense will 7-8 million sets of textbooks be reprinted? And this is only for schoolchildren! Taking out an ABR loan again? Have you already paid off your old loan? Is the entire school library collection in the trash? Only waste paper buyers will be happy. “The adoption of the new alphabet will bring the alphabet closer to the alphabets of other Turkic languages.” Is this the main goal? Or the only one? You will also discuss the advisability of taking yanalif! We already had the Latin alphabet from 1930 to 1940. Was anyone sad that they left it? “By the way, ethnic Uzbeks in Afghanistan write in Arabic.” Ethnic Uzbeks in the Russian Federation write in Russian, in France in French, in Israel in Hebrew and Yiddish... and why your “by the way”, Iskandar Akhmedov? And what percentage of ethnic Uzbeks in Afghanistan actually write anything? What percentage can neither read nor write? This is what we will come to through the efforts of the “working group”. You see, for two years THEY discussed how to improve OUR alphabet. Well, let them introduce a new alphabet for themselves. And if for the whole people, then let the issue be put to a referendum.

Farrukh Kamolov

For me, the Cyrillic alphabet better meets the requirements of writing and the necessary signs are there, and the words look whole, and not broken as with an apostrophe.
Yes, and from an economic point of view it is profitable, I don’t think that so much literature was translated from Cyrillic during the period

Rustam Satlykov

Apart from the problems with the letter “C”, I personally have a question: what about the letter “Y”, how will they change my last name again?

Zafar Kosimov

And Tsoi will correctly be Tsoy. Although Milisiya, Sex, etc. and so on.

And about combining 2 characters into 1. On a regular layout you can’t now type, for example, O"zbekiston g"alabasi. And you will also have to remember where these new symbols are located, the keyboards are not Uzbek official. There are some inconveniences when typing when switching between 3 layouts: English, Russian, Uzbek (Cyrillic). Now the Uzbek (Latin) alphabet will also be added.

Margo Avetisyan

Return the letters T. Some kind of insanity. My husband's last name is written differently in all documents. There is one in the passport, another in the license, and a third in the cadastre. And all because of one letter C.

SherkhaN

May you calm down.)) There will be Tsex, Tsoy, Tsirkul.
There are only advantages here, I’m personally in favor. For example, I didn’t like the letter ng as a child and didn’t understand it at all, it’s needed if there are two letters in the alphabet that can be combined in a word and get the same result. It’s like, for example, you order coffee and they bring you ready-made coffee in a cup and next to it coffee and sugar in a bag separately, not ready.)
And one more plus, now it will definitely be much easier to learn Turkish.

Khamidillo Magdiev

I agree that they did not return S.
For C, the combination “ts” is better suited, similar to “ng”.

Dens Dyak

What a reform, just an appearance! I never understood the otavism of u and u", g and g". Now, if they were united, that would be reform. A hundred years ago, in Russian they also combined i with i and removed yat at the end of words. And it became much easier. And the transition from the Cyrillic alphabet has already made all Uzbek literature of the 20th century inaccessible to understanding for the current younger generation. In my opinion this is bad

Darius Catcher

Leave the alphabet alone. After 23 years, everyone has already gotten used to it.

Alisher Radjapov

One step towards Turkey. It was not for nothing that our hokim gave an interview in Turkey.
Where was it written as Artikhocaev

But the Turks have F like C, will it be the same with us? Hamid Alimcan etc?

Yuriy Naumov

Why do you need to change anything at all? What are the disadvantages of reading and writing it? Everyone is already used to it...
The Chinese and Japanese languages are very inconvenient to read and write, but they don’t change anything... We learned to write first one way, then the other. Somewhere the appostrophe was written in the form of a six, somewhere in the form of a nine... Some write in Cyrillic, others in Latin in different versions. And the majority generally write illiterately. And the more often you change the alphabet, the more illiteracy and different writing styles there will be..
And there must be rules on how to write foreign sounds ts, shch and others... Otherwise there will be complete confusion.

Oybek Khojaev

Doubtful improvement.

Umid Raimov

Before it’s too late, we just need to return the Uzbek alphabet based on the Cyrillic alphabet _

Kamal Khavaidullaev

To be honest, it couldn’t be better than the Cyrillic alphabet. Since the Latin alphabet does not convey all the sounds and additional letters are needed for sounds.

Jasur Atajanov

NG should have been changed too

Khusan Khasanbaev

Stop experimenting. who makes these decisions? One professor said straight from the screen - “switching to the Latin alphabet will make it possible to master the computer and foreign languages“better” everyone in the world (Arabs, Chinese, Japanese, etc.) rebuilt their keyboards to fit their alphabet, and we rebuilt ours to fit their keyboards..?! WHO doesn't this alphabet allow to live in peace? These are huge funds that could go where there is a need to, more than republish, rebuild the existing system of public and higher education. Until today, huge library sources have remained in Russian or Cyrillic. For the new generation, these sources will remain inaccessible due to the fact that they will not be able to read them and there will be no means to translate them into Latin.

Botir Seytmanov

lotin harflarini uzgartirmaslik kerak, fakat Ts urniga S etarli, chunki asosan yoshlar 25 yil mobainida urganib kolishdi, bir tomondan ch va sh harflari halkaro ustuvor tillarga (Inglis, French va b..) yakinrok, muhokamani tukhtatish kerak.

Bakhtiyor Mirzarakhimov

Return C - C
Remove this incomprehensible NG
Combine H and X

And everyone will be happy!

Mr. Freeman

Since modern Turkic-speaking peoples do not have their own written language, centuries-old reforms and transitions from one script to another and reforms of alphabets have generated only inconveniences and problems for the population - illiteracy. They also added work for translators, calligraphists and printing workers.
The reform (mainly changing the inscriptions from “mi” to “po”) of the police in the Russian Federation cost $62.5 million. Tajikistan is going to reform military ranks. Replace with titles from Sassanid times. All this will also cost taxpayers quite a lot. Now a wave of unnecessary reforms has reached Uzbekistan. Some (printing houses, advertisers) will earn a couple of letters by replacing them only from government orders for a comfortable old age, not to mention private orders. Do we need it? Reforms for the sake of reforms.

Odil Alikhodjaev

I agree with Farruh Turgunov. Costly, inconvenient, it must be left as is if there is no way to return the Cyrillic alphabet. I still don’t understand where to write h and where x. Foreigners read “Dorixona” as “Dori x she”. It seems that those at the top said that innovation must be introduced in all areas, and everyone, as it were, is “initiative” trying to show themselves.

falcon eagles

It will be easier for our generations to navigate the dates of writing literature. Cyrillic alphabet is before the year 95 of that century, Latin number 1 is before the year 19 of this century, Latin number 2 is from the year 20 of this century. We want to go our own way, but we rush around in search of an analogue, i.e. We are looking for a path already taken by someone, We are choosing a model of our society and taking examples from other countries. It is not forbidden to take, and there is no one to forbid it, but no one wants to take our mentality into account. And we are clearly following the Western version of the path. It is absolutely not suitable for us. The values are wrong! I was proud to read that we treat older people very well. This is our mentality. We treat other people's work well; this is also our mentality. When we see bread on the road, we pick it up and move it to higher ground—this is our mentality. There is no need to adopt a rule of life that is alien to us. Let's make laws that respect us and the people around us, and not move further and further away. Let us ourselves establish the laws that people need, not forgetting, of course, about international relations. It will be good for the people, it will be good for the neighbors,

Anvar M

Great news. Already during the transition to the Latin alphabet it was necessary to do this. Well, better late than never :)

Bekmuratov Bakhodir

Bring back the Cyrillic alphabet already and you don’t need to invent anything useless anymore, answer one single question - what has this alphabet reform achieved over the past two decades in the bottom line? The answer is obvious - it didn’t give anything, and to be honest - all this is pure hooray hooray patriotism and ultimately led to a sharp decline in the education of the population and the formation of a gap between generations.

The author of the Singapore miracle, Lee Kuan Yew, believed that the colonial past is not a disadvantage, but quite the opposite - it is an advantage that needs to be developed. That is, there was no need to create your own alphabets that no one needed and not to engage in other nonsense, but it was necessary to preserve what was available and develop it. In this regard, Belarusians are great, they are confirmation of this simple truth.

Marat MSX

The language lives, is being optimized, that’s good

Shovkat Abdulazimov

Reform of qilish yakhshi va kerak. Hozirgi reformadan unumli va aql bilan foidalanish kerak, chunki hozir bizda islatiladigan sўzlar va kelajakda kirib keladigan sўzlar, va kўp millatli fukarolarimizni ism familialarini hisobga olish muhim! Ikki yillik izlanishlar samarasi bor yўgi noise? Airim harflarni almashtirish maksadlidir, lekin “ng” nimaga koldirildi? Va "ts" karfini qўshishga nima halaqit qilayapti, nega khokhlashmayapti tushunarsiz? Ularni bironta technique haqida insho, bayon yozdirish kerak, shunda bilishadi ts karfi kancha kўp ishlatilishini. Alifboni qisqartirish emas kengaitirish kerak, yoziishga, ўqishga va asosiysi tarzhimaga kulay bulsin!!! Hammaga omad!

Sergey Ivanov

There is nothing better than the Cyrillic alphabet, it’s convenient and simple!

Sherzod T.

Why is this necessary, who needs this alphabet reform? We are all used to it; we have been using this alphabet for almost 25 years. I think there is no need.

Timur Yusubov

Only the people got used to the Latin alphabet, they translated documents and office work into it, ensured the production of textbooks for schools and universities, the necessary book products, signs, indexes, etc., translation of software.. And here we go again! Has anyone calculated how much this latest whim of the “specialists” will cost the country? Only one thing - replacing passports for all citizens of the country, how much will it cost the state??? Indeed, if the new alphabet is adopted, the old passport will have to be replaced. And also all documents, forms, seals. At least for one reason - O"zbekiston will now have to be written differently. Replacing textbooks, software and everything else - who needs this? In our country there is nowhere to put budget money? Such proposals look like economic sabotage. Let this commission explain why, for example, is ŏ better than o" and why should the state spend billions because of this “exploratory” activity of the commission. This should have been invented twenty years ago. Where have they been sleeping these years and is there a guarantee that in a couple of years the new composition of the commission will not come to the decision that it is necessary to “improve” the alphabet. Well, as always, no one is interested in the opinion of ordinary people. Does he need it? Personally, I am quite satisfied with the current alphabet. And I think that it also suits the majority of the population.

Askar Turanazarov

There is no need to change the alphabet, this will only lead to losses and again a huge layer of people will become simply illiterate. We already have terrible literacy in the Uzbek language. Each word contains 2-3 errors (!), but here again everything is different. Again there will be no letter "C". Yes, it is not in the Uzbek language, but there are other languages, other nationalities that are our compatriots.
Our country simply does not have enough to transfer the entire country to a new alphabet, reprint ALL books, of which there are already catastrophically few. We need to print books, we need to open libraries, instill in young people a desire for knowledge and reading, we need to fill out a huge amount of resources in the Uzbek language, print billions of books (for the whole country), start translating world classics from Russian, English, German, French, Latin and Greek, Chinese and Korean, after all. It is necessary that Uzbek toponymy and ethnography be studied. There is nothing even close to this now. Many of our textbooks in universities are only called textbooks, but the content is simply a nightmare. The country’s budget is not $500-700 billion to conduct such experiments, and there are simply no specialists.
And some commentators advocating a ban on the Cyrillic alphabet - are you serious? Don't we have any other problems in our country?

Kabil Radjabov

The proposals of the “working group” to “improve” the alphabet do not have a serious and fundamental basis. These specialists did not conduct an economic and financial justification for their proposals. For more than two decades now, there has been a lack of various scientific literature in the Uzbek language (Latin), which causes irreparable damage to the training of highly qualified personnel for the future of our country. This most serious issue must be resolved IN A NATIONAL REFERENDUM. No “group”, no matter how many inches on its forehead, has the right to make such a decision. We will wait for the decision of the COUNTRY LEADERS on this issue.

Usmon Sultanov

1. In terms of severity, this is not the most pressing and important issue.
2. The impact on society is enormous, so there is no need to rush.
3. It is necessary to calculate how much this “improvement” will cost us (= budget from our money).
4. Discrepancies in documents will be simply catastrophic!

Vovin Deggial

Rovshan Maxsudov, I met you. For example, very often they write zor instead of zo"r, bolib instead of bo"lib, etc.

Vovin Deggial

Timur Yusubov, who translated what there?! Do not lie! In government institutions, everyone still uses the Cyrillic alphabet. The same letters with fines from the traffic police come written in Cyrillic.

Nikolay Basov

Although under the new government they decided (after discussions in Gazeta.uz) to leave the Latin alphabet, I think that the Cyrillic alphabet should be returned. Not too late. Return gradually, without fanaticism. I personally don’t mind the Latin alphabet, but the Cyrillic alphabet is more rational. Literate people already know both alphabets, but the Cyrillic alphabet is more promising. (If I turn out to be wrong, my senior comrades will correct me. quote)

M. MIRZAEV

A little off topic, but.. My last name in Uzbek Latin is written like this - MirzaYEv. Pronouncing it correctly, there is no emphasis on YE (e)! This “YE” is pronounced quickly and is consonant with the sound “E”. Why then could it not be written in the Uzbek Latin alphabet in the same way as in the English variant - Mirzaev? Without "Y"! Why did they distort our surnames?

Alex Kent

So they managed to drag in Western values here, declaring them, of course, main problem. “We don’t need them,” “they are alien to us.” Has anyone wondered what Western values are?
I didn’t even ask myself, but I saw these values with my own eyes:
- the rule of law always and everywhere - a bribe to any government employee leads to imprisonment
- police protect - even at night from noisy neighbors
– cruelty to animals – a criminal matter
- no one will tell you “go to your country” - this is a judicial matter
- Do you want to live well? the state provides all the tools - from social assistance in case of job loss, to cheap education in colleges ($500 per year) and universities (3000 per year)
- minimum guaranteed salary for which you can rent housing, eat well, dress
- free healthcare guaranteed by the state.

This is just part of the values in a Western country. But Western freedoms - yes... They are alien. If people are made to understand en masse that it is not necessary to get married and give birth at 20, that you can realize yourself and live life the way you want and not think “Oh, what will the neighbors say?!”, then yes - there will be a highway for the whole planet) )

It is commendable that since the government wants to switch to a new alphabet, apparently there really is a problem. Well, people who understand will not be surprised. Their face will be briefly facepalmed and they will continue to live their lives.

Yorkinjon Abdukhakimov

So I don’t understand, but will the letter “E” be there?

Shukhrat Akhmedov

We have laws like this...
Today we came up with one thing, tomorrow we think differently. Nothing sustainable. Bring back the Cyrillic alphabet. There is no need to adapt to America and Turkey. After all, You Yourselves say everywhere that We are the Coolest and Respected Country in the World, with our own Principles. It’s better to work on Economics and Social Sphere. Think more about Pensioners and Disabled People, who are now finding it very difficult to survive shock therapy. And in general, such issues are resolved by Referendums and Polls and, in the end, by Voting

Sherali Khojaev

It would be nice to return the Cyrillic alphabet completely. When the Cyrillic alphabet was used, the entire educated population could read and write without errors. Now the younger generation writes with errors in both Latin and Cyrillic. It will get worse.

CenturionKZ

Damir Na, If we have Ә, this does not mean that the Uzbeks should have it. It's a different language.

Val Smirnov

The authors' logic is, of course, off the charts. What is “ng“? If it is not a letter, then what does it do in the alphabet (if the authors even understand what the word “alphabet” means). Further:
- they tried to get away from the combination of two letters (Ch and Sh, denoting the corresponding “ch” and “sh”), but they plunged the sounds “e, ё, ya, yu” into the same paired combinations - ye, yo, ya, yu.
— the “alien” letter C was removed, but this did not prevent the use of S and S with a tail to denote different letters. What prevented you from using C and C with a tail to denote "ts" and "ch" respectively? Logic suggests this: there is a C with a tail, but there is no “pure” C.
— the issue of changing the alphabet affects the interests of all citizens of the country (and the state - the budget) and therefore should only be decided by a referendum.
-the accumulated experience and the previous “experiment” did not justify itself - even the state itself did not switch to the Latin alphabet, and the generation that grew up to please the would-be reformers became illiterate and the worst thing is that they will not have the chance of education in the future.
— the issue of changing the alphabet is very costly and not of primary importance (like pensions, salary, cost of living, safety, death on the road, etc.). It's more a question of false (show-off) ambitions. Even launching our own satellites (which is not even close to the problem of the “alphabet”) for us today is a matter of show-off, not an urgent need. You need to think not seven times, but seventeen times, calculate, weigh everything and then only make decisions and always publicly.

CenturionKZ

Salem from Kazakhstan! Well done Uzbeks, we need a new alphabet! Of course, the Latin alphabet is not something good in itself; the most important thing is the correctly selected characters. And the current project of the Latin alphabet with all sorts of O" and G" is an extremely bad option. And the point is not only that it looks scary, but that now is the information age, but no word processor/program perceives an apostrophe as part of a letter, because everywhere in the world it is used only to shorten or connect two different words. Hence the problems with indexing Uzbek words in various programs and search engines, among others. Those involved in IT understand how important this is.
I don’t really know the situation in Uzbekistan, but I think that those who are advocating here for maintaining the old version are people who are simply too lazy to install an “extra layout” on their phones in order to write a message in their native language once a year.

Azamat Ulpetov

But what about the “b” sign?

Ruslan Gaisin

What did the Latinization of the alphabet give? So, in real life, what did she give? If we completely abandon the Cyrillic alphabet, will we live like in English-speaking countries? Or should we immediately speak English or Turkish? We need to leave two options - Cyrillic and Latin without any squiggles. And whoever is comfortable, let him use it that way.

Sultan Normukhamedov

We need to return the Cyrillic alphabet. The introduction of the Latin alphabet was a historical mistake, the fruit of the voluntarism of the then leaders. And a tribute to the primitive idea that the nation will thereby demonstrate to the world how independent, independent and advanced it is. However, these three qualities must be confirmed not by replacing the alphabet, but by achieving real progress in the economy, social sphere, education, science, and culture.
In the library named after A. Navoi has 600 thousand units of various literature, most of which are in Uzbek in Cyrillic, there are 5 million units in the funds of the Academy of Sciences, millions in the funds of other universities in the country, tens of millions in the hands of the population. Where will all this go later in the event of the triumph of the “Latinists”? To the waste paper? In general, what is all this for?

Botir Seytmanov

Tuppa-tugri, hulk referendumini utkazish darkor, yo lotin, yo kirill undan keyin masalaga nukta kuyish va uzil-kesil hal kilib bittasini tanlash.. buldi.

Ilham Eminov

I support that the letters X should also be removed and only H should be left

Slava K

to Sher Zaparov
Quote from the article: “The alphabet, in force since 1995, has been criticized over the past years due to shortcomings and the inconveniences they cause both in handwriting and typing texts on a computer, and in their perception when reading. Perhaps due to these shortcomings, the country has not yet been able to complete the complete transition to the Latin alphabet.”
"MAYBE"?? The phrase itself contains the answer to all questions - the transition to the Latin alphabet was a step back!
Several generations studied in the “Cyrillic alphabet” and suddenly, “we need our own written language”? “Students will know English better”? — Has anyone conducted an analysis of how much better modern schoolchildren know foreign languages?
Graduates of “In. “language” speak English with difficulty and terrible pronunciation, and not all of them. What will they teach schoolchildren? And most importantly, HOW they will teach.
As a result, the Russian language is in demand (the Russian Federation is a country where millions of our citizens go to work and, due to poor knowledge of the language, suffer hardships there; they cannot even explain to a doctor what and where it hurts, for example) - the vast majority of young people do not know the percentage of knowledge of English after school - I will take courage and great optimism - no more than 10%. What have you achieved with the new alphabet?
And here changes are made in the “Turkish style”.
The question is - at whose expense?
Alteration of keyboards, reprinting of textbooks and manuals, alteration of documents, etc.?*?
At our expense. Do you remember how much it costs to change your passport? Now multiply by 16 million. Quite a lot.
to Sultan Normukhamedov & Bekmuratov Bakhodir & Timur Kurbanov
Your words are in God’s ears! Everything was described exactly - +100500t!
to Askar Turanazarov
Exactly. The budget of our country is the level of the annual budget of the city of New York! About 40 billion. And apparently all the issues have been resolved, all that remains is to “improve the alphabet” - and after that we will definitely live.
to Khurshid Inomjonov
I’ll tell you for sure - you were born after 1991! And are you sure that the “Ban of the Cyrillic alphabet” will radically solve something in the country? Write how and what will change - I really want to read it. I want to smile.

Radiy Ziyatdinov

English language. Many words are written one way and pronounced differently. As the English say, it is written “Manchester” and pronounced “Liverpool”. Here is one Russian scientist who wrote a dissertation to make the English language easier and offered the English rules and great improvements in the English language so that they would not suffer. They thanked him and said, thank you for your efforts, but we will leave the language as it is. Due to the fact that it has not changed over the centuries, we can easily read and understand in the original writers of the 15th and 16th centuries, such as Shakespeare. The language does not need any reforms.
And here we have...

Anna Tern

But my neighbor is Adele Smirnitskaya!! How should she write? without c, without b..
what is it that happens, the parents called it one way, but the person is listed in a completely different way. And how the guys at work write in the Uzbek Latin alphabet is a completely different matter - just super illiterate!

Omnisophist

You won't be nice by force. Language, including its graphics, lives according to internal laws, on which an individual speaker, as well as a group of them, has minimal influence. We can change the alphabet at least twice a year, and everyone will use the graphic system they are used to, except for cases when they are forced to use a new one. It will not be possible to completely eradicate the Cyrillic alphabet - and as I understand it, this is the only goal of this entire alphabetical leapfrog. To do this, it is easier to get into a person’s brain and remove the Cyrillic alphabet from there. And in general, the graphics of a language are not something that can be touched every decade, changed because it has not caught on. How will it take root if we change it within a time period that is absurd from a linguistic point of view? I generally cannot think of a sufficiently reasonable justification for such a crude intervention as an artificial replacement of graphics. Simplify, adjust, improve, yes. To turn it upside down in order to realize some vague impulses of an incomprehensible “working group” - no. Did it include at least one linguist? He must know all this.

As for eliminating the “extra “c”, this is generally some kind of nonsense. How can this grapheme be superfluous in a language where almost a third of Russian borrowings (I don’t have exact statistics, since I’m not sure of the existence of such, but according to Based on my own assessment, I can assume that there are about that many of them.) Borrowings from other languages besides Russian in the overwhelming majority also entered the language through Russian. Now what to do with this colossal share of words? For example, the graphics of the Italian language, in which, due to the influx English borrowings faced a similar problem. You know, they didn’t change it, rebuild it. It’s just that now several new letters have de facto appeared, like “w”, which are actively used. And all this without any official movements, on a whim, of course , as the language should. What they are going to do here is to forcefully impose on the Uzbeks a new alphabet, a different spelling and greatly shorten the vocabulary of an entire part of the population, which uses Russian words when necessary and when not necessary too (which is worth only one thing “ catch qilaman“). Question for the working group: what are you going to do, for example, with the word “condensation”? Write it as “kondensasia”? Or with “essence”? “Essensia“ God, it’s Latin, not Turkic.

Florit Khikmaev

Hello, language brothers. I, as a representative of the related Tatar language, will say that in Russia the language issue is still acute. I was lucky to live in the USSR under the Cyrillic alphabet, there were attempts to change the graphics to the Latin alphabet, but the issue died down, personally, I calmly read and write in three graphics (Cyrillic, Latin and Arabic (thanks to my grandparents)). I calmly understand my brother writing and speaking Bashkir.
This graphics reform reminds me of what happened with time zones and summer/winter time. They raced time back and forth many times until they imposed a moratorium on the change. You need to decide whether the alphabet is Cyrillic or Latin, or like in some countries (for example, India (where many peoples with different scripts coexist), China (Uyghurs, by the way).. or countries with several official languages (Canada.)
And to the question of graphics. For example, the Arabic language and graphics, which have been quietly used by many countries and peoples for many centuries. The Arabic alphabet does not have letters to represent some letters from borrowed languages, but the Arabs do not abandon their graphics.
When the Arabs conquered the Persian lands, they brought their alphabet and graphics to the conquered peoples. Several new letters were added to the Persian language that were not in Arabic and the Persians still use it. Nobody knows the Persian language, everyone knows it as Farsi (Persian) and the Arabic script is still alive.
I think we need to do the same with Uzbek. But there’s no need to rush around. Time always brings something new into our lives. the main thing is that each sound has its own letter, and borrowed words can be written using a set of letters, by the way, this is what happens in foreign languages (English, French, German, etc.). (english- English, français-French, deutsch-Deutsch)
If you keep the Latin alphabet, then, in my opinion, the Turkish version is more suitable for copying, and if you keep the Cyrillic alphabet, then, for example, the Bashkir version, if you are not satisfied with your own version)).

Hydro Busy

It’s a good idea, I fully support it, but instead of ng you need ñ
https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Common_Turkic_Alphabet

Maxim Nikolaevich Tsukanov

Rovshan Maxsudov
November 6, 2018, 11:12 p.m. This may sound rude to some, but many of our compatriots who had the letters Q, O, G` in their surname or first name had to live with a document with highly distorted information about their full name . Okay, in the documents, their names were greatly distorted orally. Qahramon - Kahraman, G`ani - Gani, Olim - Alim, Nodira - Nodira, Cho`lpon - Chulpan and so many examples can be given. And here you are raising a panic because of one letter “ts”, which will only affect the inscription (No one will call you “Soy”, instead of “Tsoi”) on the piece of paper? Are you seriously?? My personal opinion is - please don’t touch the alphabet, leave it alone, we don’t need new problems, everything is fine with us. Do you want our people to remain illiterate forever, changing their alphabet every single day?

C is necessary..

Tsukanov / Tsukanov

Azamat Shamuzafarov

So? Where is our new alphabet? For some reason he is nowhere to be seen.

Newspapers and magazines began to be published in Uzbek, and business and administrative documents appeared. In these publications, additional letters began to be used to indicate specific sounds of the Uzbek language, but they were used haphazardly and varied from edition to edition.

In 1918-1922, members of the philological society “Chagatai Gurungi” conducted an active discussion about reforming the Uzbek letter. Finally, in October 1923, at the First Spelling Conference of Central Asian Uzbeks in Bukhara, a reformed Uzbek alphabet based on Arabic-Persian graphics was adopted. On October 18, 1923, this alphabet was officially approved by the People's Commissar of Education of the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. This alphabet was in effect in the USSR until 1930.

In Afghanistan, a slightly different variant of the alphabet based on the Arabic-Persian script is used for the Uzbek language: آ ا أ ء ب پ ت ث ج چ ح خ د ذ ز ژ س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ک گ ل م ن و ٶ ۇ ۉ ە ة ى ي ې ٸ

Yanalif

A a	B b	C c	Ç ç	D d	E e	Ə ə	F f
G g	Ƣ ƣ	H h	I i	Jj	K k	L l	M m
Nn	Ꞑ ꞑ	O o	Ө ө	P p	Q q	R r	Ss
Ş ş	T t	U u	Vv	X x	Y y	Z z	Ƶ ƶ
b b	"

On May 8, 1940, the III session of the Supreme Council of the Uzbek SSR adopted a law on the transition to an alphabet based on Russian graphics:

A a	B b	In in	G g	D d	Her	Her	F
Z z	And and	Thy	K k	L l	Mm	N n	Oh oh
P p	R r	With with	T t	U y	F f	X x	Ts ts
H h	Sh sh	Kommersant	b b	Uh uh	Yu Yu	I I	Ў ў
Қ қ	Ғ ғ	Ҳ ҳ

In Tajikistan, where Cyrillic remains the main alphabet of the Uzbek language, in print instead of the letter Ў ў used Ӯ ӯ .

Modern Latin

In 1993, the Uzbek authorities decided to translate the Uzbek language into the Latin alphabet. It was established that already in the new year of 1994, all first-graders would learn to write in Latin, and a transition period until 2002 was also defined. The original version of the alphabet was based on Turkish and on the "Common Turkic Alphabet" adopted at the 1991 Istanbul conference. It contained, in addition to standard Latin letters, Turkish ç , ş And ğ , as well as letters ö , ñ And ɉ . However, this version of the alphabet was soon rejected, and in May 1995 new spelling rules were adopted, based on the standard 26-letter Latin alphabet: letters ç , ş , ğ , ö , ñ And ɉ were replaced by ch, sh, g', o‘, ng And j respectively . The new Latin alphabet of 1995 differs significantly both from the alphabet of the 1928 model and from other modern Turkic Latin scripts (Turkish, Azerbaijani, Crimean Tatar, etc.). In particular, in the modern Uzbek alphabet there are no characters with diacritics, while the 1928 alphabet used not only characters with diacritics, but also unique symbols invented by Soviet linguists specifically for the languages of the small peoples of the USSR. Despite the reform to transfer the Uzbek language to the Latin script, in fact, the parallel use of the Cyrillic and Latin alphabet continues at present; the end of the transition period has been postponed several times.

A a	B b	D d	Her	F f	G g	H h	I i
Jj	K k	L l	M m	Nn	Oh oh	P p	Q q
R r	Ss	T t	U u	Vv	X x	Y y	Z z
O' o'	G' g'	Sh sh	Ch ch	’

The alphabet is missing a single letter C c(only as part of a digraph Ch ch) and a letter W w. Digraphs and letters with an apostrophe are found at the end of the alphabet, not after the main letters.

There are three apostrophes in the modern Uzbek Latin alphabet:

‘ - used in combinations g' And o‘
’ - corresponds to Cyrillic ъ
" - used in combination s'h, as an indicator that the letters s And h denote individual sounds, not w.

Correspondences between letters of different alphabets

Transliteration table
Arab	Latin	Cyrillic	Latin	MFA
1919-1928	1934-1940	1940-	1995-	MFA
ﺍ, ه	Ə ə	A a	A a	[a], [æ]
ﺏ	B in	B b	B b	[b]
ﺩ	D d	D d	D d	[d]
ﻩ	E e	Her	E e	[ɛ]
ﻑ	F f	F f	F f	[f]
گ	G g	G g	G g
ﺡ,ﻩ	H h	Ҳ ҳ	H h	[h]
ی	I i	And and	I i	[ɪ]
ﺝ, ژ	Ç ç, Ƶ ƶ	F	Jj	[ʤ] , [ʒ]
ﻙ	K k	K k	K k
ﻝ	L l	L l	L l	[l]
ﻡ	M m	Mm	M m	[m]
ن	Nn	N n	Nn	[n]
ﺍ	A a	Oh oh	O o	[ɑ]
پ	P p	P p	P p	[p]
ﻕ	Q q	Қ қ	Q q	[q]
ﺭ	R r	R r	R r	[r]
ﺙ,ﺱ,ﺹ	Ss	With with	Ss	[s]
ﺕ,ﻁ	T t	T t	T t	[t]
ﻭ	U u	U y	U u	[u]
ﻭ	Vv	In in	Vv	[v], [w]
ﺥ	X x	X x	X x	[x]
ی	Jj	Thy	Y y	[j]
ﺫ,ﺯ,ﺽ,ﻅ	Z z	Z z	Z z	[z]
ﻭ	O o	Ў ў	O' o'	[o]
ﻍ	Ƣ ƣ	Ғ ғ	G' g'	[ɣ]
ﺵ	Ş ş	Sh sh	sh	[ʃ]
چ	C c	H h	ch	[ʧ]
نگ	Ꞑꞑ	Ng ng	ng	[ŋ]
ء, ع	"	Kommersant	’	[ʔ]

Cyrillic letters Her, Yu Yu, I I, in Latin correspond to the combinations Yo yo, Yu yu, Ya ya.
Letter Her at the beginning of a word and after vowels - a combination Ye ye.
Letter Ts ts- combination Ts ts in the middle of a word after a vowel ( federatsiya- federation) or letter Ss in other cases ( sex- workshop).
combination сҳ- combination s'h.
Letter Uh uh- letter E e.

It's important to know that:

Notes

Links

Turkic scripts
Historical writings

Uzbekistan is an ancient state located in the very center of Central Asia. Uzbekistan has UNESCO heritage cities: Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. These cities are the places most visited by tourists. Each of these cities is imbued with history and ancient architectural monuments. Anyone who has any interest in history knows that Uzbekistan is the cradle of Central Asia, and there is something to see in this republic.

Everything here is thought out for any type of tourism, from extreme recreation in the Chimgan and Nurata mountains to elite five-star hotels in Tashkent. It would seem that everything could go wrong. However, there is something that can have a detrimental effect on your holiday - not knowing the Uzbek language. In order for your stay in Uzbekistan to be remembered only by positive moments, we offer to download an excellent Russian-Uzbek translator on our website, you can do this completely free of charge. This translator consists of the most important and necessary words and phrases for tourists, and is divided into topics so that you can quickly find the appropriate words. Below is a list of these topics and their brief descriptions.

Common phrases

Welcome	Khush Kelibsiz!
Come in	Keering
Happy New Year	Yangi Yilingiz Bilan
It's good that you came	Kelib judah yahshi kilibsiz
We are always glad to see you	Sizga hamma wakt eshigimiz ochik
I am at your service	Men sizning hizmatingizga tayerman
What is your name?	Ismingiz nima?
Wait a minute	Bir dakika
Your face seems familiar to me	Menga tanish kurinyapsiz
How are you doing?	Yahshimisiz?
How are you?	Ishlaringiz kalei?
What's up?	Yahshi yuribsizmi?
Everything is fine?	Hammasi joyds?
I heard you got married	Yeshtishimcha uylanyabsiz
Please accept my best wishes	Mening eng yakhshi niyatlarimni kabul kilgaisiz
What's happened?	Nima buldi?
I wish a speedy recovery	Men sizga tezda sogaib ketishingizni tilayman!
I have to go	Yendi ketishim kerak
Bye	Hair
See you on Sunday	Yakshanbagacha
Please come again	Yana Keling
Give my best wishes to your parents	Ota-onalaringizga mendan salom aiting
Kiss the children from me	Bolalaryngizni upib queing
Don't forget to call me	Kungirok kilishni unitmang
Come to us	Biznikiga keling
What time is it now?	Soat necha?
Bye then	Khair endi
How are you doing?	Calaisiz?
Good morning	Hairli tong
Good afternoon	Hairly kun
Goodbye	Hair
Bon Voyage	Ok yul
Fine	Yahshi
Welcome from	Khush kelibsiz
I	Men
You you	Sen, siz
We	Biz
He she	U
They	Ular
Can I help you?	Sizga kandai yordam bera olmaman?
How to get there?	U erga kandai boraman?
How far is it?	Kancha uzoklikda zhoylashgan?
How long will it take?	Kancha wakt pancake?
How much does it cost?	Bu kancha turadi?
What it is?	Bu nima?
What is your name?	Sizning ismingiz nima?
When?	Kachon?
Where/where?	Kaerda/kaerga?
Why?	Nega?

Walking around the city

At the restaurant

Beef	They say gushti
Chicken	Tovuk
Cold	Sovuk
Drink	Ichmok
I have no	Menda yuk
Eat	Bor
Excuse me	Kechirasiz
Exit	Chikish
Woman	Ayol
Fish	Balik
Fruits	Meva
Do you have...?	Sizlarda...bormi?
Hot	Issik
Sorry	Kechirasiz
Man	Erkak
Meat	Gusht
Money	Pool
Mutton	Kui gushti
No	Yook
Please	Markhamat / Iltimos
Pork	Chuchka gushti
Salt	Ace
Shop	Dukon
Sugar	Shakar
Thank you	Rakhmat
Toilet	Khojathona
Wait	Kutib touring
Want	Khokhlash
Water	Suv

Refusal

No I can't do this	Men kila olmayman
No way	Hatch-da
Pump doesn't work	Islamayapti pump
The mechanism is not working	Yahshi Emas mechanism
Sorry I can't help	Kechiring, yordam kilolmayman
No	Yok
Of course not	Yok, albatta
It's not even discussed	Bu tugrida gap ham bulishi mumkin emas
It is forbidden	Mumkin emas
This is wrong	Bulmagan gap
Oh no	Yok, yoge
In no case	Iloji yok
Never!	Heche cachón!
Stop making noise!	Shokin Kilmasangiz!
I don't know	Bilmadim
No promises	Suz berolmayman
Yes	Hoop
Let's see	Kuramiz
Sorry, I'm busy	Kechirasiz, bandman
I've got my hands full	Meni ishim boshimdan oshib yotibdi

Agreement

Numbers

Telephone

Days of the week

Common phrases are words and phrases that are useful in everyday life. Here there is a translation of words that can be used to get to know citizens of Uzbekistan, words of greeting, farewell and many other phrases that will be very useful to you during your travel.

Refusal – phrases and words with which you can refuse something to representatives of the local population. Also, a very necessary and useful topic.

Consent is the exact opposite of the Refusal theme. By opening this topic, you will find suitable words of agreement to any proposal, in different forms.

Telephone is an incredibly important and useful topic that will allow you to communicate on the phone with someone in your local community. For example, you can call a taxi, order lunch in your room or call a maid, and much more.

Numbers – a list of numbers, their correct pronunciation and translation. Knowing what this or that number sounds like is very useful, because you will make purchases, pay for taxis, excursions and more.

Days of the week - a topic in which you will find how to correctly translate and sound each day of the week.

Restaurant – while walking around the city, you will probably want to stop by a restaurant to taste national dishes or just have a cup of tea or coffee. But in order to place an order, you need to know how to do it in Uzbek. This topic will help you cope in such a situation.

Orientation in the city - phrases and words that sooner or later you will need during your trip.

Thanks to this theme, you will never get lost, and even if you do get lost, you can easily find the right path by asking the locals where to go.

Printing reached Central Asia only in the second half of the 19th century; before that time, books had been copied by hand for centuries. From the time of the spread of Islam until 1923, in Uzbekistan (as well as throughout Central Asia), the written literary language was the Chagatai language, which is an early form of the modern Uzbek language and named after Chagatai (one of the sons of Genghis Khan). The Chagatai language acquired the status of a literary language in the 14th century. and used the Perso-Arabic writing system.

In 1923, a reform was introduced, as a result of which the Perso-Arabic alphabet was introduced into the Uzbek writing system and formed the basis of the written language of Uzbekistan.

Before 1928, the Uzbek language, like most languages of Central Asia, used various systems of Arabic writing (yana imla - new spelling), which were distributed mainly among the educated population. For political reasons, Uzbekistan's Islamic past was eradicated, so between 1928 and 1940. Uzbek writing, as part of a comprehensive program of education for the Uzbek population, which by this time already had its own territorially defined borders, was transferred to the Latin writing system (“yanalif”, a new alphabet; the idea of latinizing the previous alphabet “yana imla” arose back in 1924. ). The transfer of Uzbek writing to the Latin writing system took place against the background of the Latinization of the alphabets of all Turkic languages; perhaps this would not have happened without mass Latinization. During the 1930s. against the background of changes in normative grammar, there were also changes in the phonetic system towards the South Uzbek language, which also entailed changes in spelling.

In 1940, during mass Sovietization, by decision of Joseph Stalin, the writing of the Uzbek language was transferred to an adapted Cyrillic writing system, which was based on the Russian alphabet, supplemented by a set of special characters to indicate specific Uzbek sounds.

By the time of the collapse of the USSR (1988/89), amid renationalization and Islamization, there was a general desire to return the Perso-Arabic alphabet to the Uzbek writing system. But, due to insufficient state support, this action was not successful. Today, Arabic writing is used mainly in madrassas - Muslim schools at mosques that teach the Koran.

After, during the first meeting of the presidents of all Turkic states (1992), ideas were expressed about introducing a new Turkic alphabet or (if this option was rejected) about transferring writing to the Latin alphabet, the government of Uzbekistan decided to adopt the Latin alphabet and exclude from it contains additional symbols characteristic of the Turkish language. To convey special characters, it was decided to use combinations of Latin letters, and the sound rules adopted in the English language were used as the basis.

In 1993, a reform was carried out aimed at introducing the Latin writing system. The process of Latinization began in 1997 and dragged on for several years and was associated with a number of serious problems. Some scientists consider the transition from the Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet a mistake that set the level of education back decades. This is explained by the fact that in many regions of Uzbekistan, writing is taught in the Latin alphabet, children are learning a new alphabet, so many of them no longer understand texts written in Cyrillic, and the elderly population cannot read texts written in Latin.

In addition, another serious problem arose. No one took into account that all the literature and all the rich scientific experience (books, reference books, scientific works, monographs, dissertations, textbooks, etc.) were written in Cyrillic. Only when the process of transition to the Latin alphabet reached its peak did it become clear that the publication of all this literature in the Latin alphabet would cost billions of dollars, but the state of economic development of Uzbekistan did not allow the publication of literature in the Latin alphabet. The current situation has jeopardized the preservation of the scientific, reference, educational base and cultural experience accumulated by the Uzbek people.

All these difficulties may cause the Cyrillic and Latin alphabet to coexist in Uzbek writing for a long time.

In 2001, the Latin alphabet began to be used for inscriptions on monetary currencies. Since 2004, official websites published in Uzbek have used the Latin alphabet. Many road signs and maps are also written in Latin. The names of cities and streets are often written in different ways; sometimes people have difficulty writing the names of many attractions, so in such cases the original name is used.

In the Chinese province of Xinjiang, the Uzbek language does not have an official written language. Some Uzbek speakers write in Cyrillic, others use Uyghur script because that is the language they studied in school.

Uzbek alphabet based on the Cyrillic alphabet (Uzbek alifbosi)

Uzbek alphabet based on the Latin alphabet (o’zbek alifbosi) - version 1995

Notes

Sample text in Uzbek language

Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and must act towards each other in a spirit of brotherhood.

The grammar of the Uzbek language is characterized by the following specific features:

1. Sentences use the following syntactic structure: subject - object - predicate.

Men kitob yozdim (I wrote a book)

2. The adjective is placed before the noun it defines:

U yosh bola (He is a small child)

3. An adverb is placed before the verb:

U tez gapirdi (He spoke quickly)

4. A question word is used in a sentence containing an answer to a question:

Bu kim? Bu Aziz. (Who is this? This is Aziz.)

5. Postpositions are used in the same way as prepositions in English, except for some nouns:

Biz non haqida gapirdik (We talked about bread)

Morphological features

The Uzbek scientist Abdulhamid Ismoli wrote an essay “On the philosophy of the Uzbek language,” in which he analyzed the most noticeable and specific features of Uzbek morphology and tried to explain them from the point of view of the Uzbek mentality.

As is known, the composition of parts of speech in a particular language can be compared with the structure of cognition. For example, nouns designate this or that object or phenomenon, pronouns - subject, person, etc. Some morphological features of the Uzbek language are directly related to the specifics of the national mentality, which is reflected in the language.

Pronoun

When considering this part of speech, it is worth paying special attention to the pronoun “y” (3rd letter), which is also a demonstrative pronoun. Perhaps the most important relationship for the Uzbek people is the “I-you” structure, as evidenced by the distinction between these two forms (e.g. “senlar” is the plural form of “you”; “Siz”, “Siz”, “Sizlar” - polite form “You”), which are also accented by the endings of all other parts of speech, in contrast to the 3rd person indicator, which has a zero affix. Such emphasizing of various parts of speech with the help of pronoun endings, which, in general, repeat the pronoun itself, once again emphasizes the special meaning attached to a specific person in the field of attention: me, you, us, you.

Noun

If we consider the lexical composition of this group of words, then its characteristic feature is the presence of a large number of Persian and Arabic names; as for grammatical features, the most important is the absence of such a grammatical characteristic as the category of gender.

Perhaps this is explained by the same nature of the “I-you” dialogical relationships, within which differentiation by gender is unnecessary. This distinction is more important in relation to third parties, however, the examples mentioned above indicate the indirect position of the third person in the Uzbek language. This fact may also serve as confirmation that in the Uzbek consciousness great importance attached to personal, direct relationships.

Another feature of nouns in the Uzbek language is a variety of affixations. As a matter of fact, the entire vocabulary of the Uzbek language consists of numerous combinations of certain stems with affixes of different meanings and functions. This linguistic phenomenon can also be explained by the national peculiarity of the Uzbek consciousness: an unchanging basis is combined with stable applications, as a result of which the whole whole changes.

Having examined the affixation system in detail, we can note a certain order of certain affixes in the case of the simultaneous use of several affixes. In Uzbek, affixes usually follow the following order:

affix used for word formation
affix meaning plurality
affix denoting personal affiliation
affix expressing the category of case

Of course, it is difficult to determine whether the category of plurality is really more significant than the category of belonging, because all of these categories are present in the Uzbek language and, moreover, are used independently of each other. And yet, if it is necessary to designate several categories at once, the corresponding affixes must follow the specified scheme, and the most significant in this situation is the last element. Each previous affix simultaneously serves as a determinant for the affix that follows it and as a determinant for the preceding one. And in this sense, for a word, the categories of case are more significant than belonging, and plurality determines belonging.